Heritage Apple Corps - User contributions [en]

Yellow Transparent

2026-07-18T05:26:40Z

Bot: Bot: remove 1 issue-marked watercolor(s) (injury/disease illustrations)

{{Variety Infobox
|name=Yellow Transparent
|species=Apple
}}
[[File:USDA_Pomological_Yellow_Transparent_POM00000996.jpg|thumb|right|320px|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Newton, Amanda Almira (Bayfield, Bayfield, Wisconsin). Public domain. USDA National Agricultural Library.]]

A Russian variety. Tree hardy and a strong grower and an unusually early bearer. Fruit pale yellow, good size and good quality; skin clear white at first, turning to a pale yellow when fully ripe. Parties who have fruited it extensively, both north and south, say that it ripens earlier than any other variety, being ten days or two weeks ahead of Early Harvest. This makes it exceedingly valuable as an early market variety, and we are convinced that it has come to stay. Our experience with this variety is very satisfactory. We have found it earliest of all apples. Of a mild, pleasant, yet sprightly flavor. It bears abundantly and at an extremely early age. Two year trees in the nursery rows frequently produce fine fruit. It should be in every home garden on the American continent. Aug.
'''Read the full entry:''' [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/yellow-transparent-apple/ Yellow Transparent on the Variety Finder] for deeper history, every book quote, and all nursery catalog references.

== Quick Facts ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''Type''' || Apple
|-
| '''Season''' || Very Early (Very early (July to early August))
|-
| '''Flavor''' || sweet tart, subacid, pleasant
|-
| '''Flavor notes''' || Mild, pleasant, sweet-tart; tender, juicy flesh
|-
| '''Uses''' || fresh eating, sauce, cooking, baking
|-
| '''Keeping quality''' || Poor
|-
| '''Size''' || Above Medium
|-
| '''Shape''' || Round
|-
| '''Skin color''' || yellow, green, white, pale, russet
|-
| '''Flesh''' || White tender
|-
| '''Origin''' || Riga, Latvia, c. 1850. Riga, Latvia (then Russian Empire); originated around 1850 as a chance seedling
|}

== Synonyms ==
Charlottenthaler, De Revel, Enthaler, Erdbeer Streifling, Grand-Sultan, Nitchner's Erdbeer, Red Duck, Reval (P. de), Revelstone, Revelstone Pippin, Skwosnoi Schotoi, Thaler, Transparente Blanche, Transparente Jaune, Transparente de Saint-Leger, Transparente de St. Leger, Weisser Transparent, White Transparent

== Fruit ==
'''Size.''' Medium or above medium, sometimes large (Beach, Lowther, Hedrick, Budd-Hansen); medium (Downing, Thomas, Hansen); above medium size (Central Experimental Farm). Pretty uniform in shape and size on young or vigorous-growing trees, where fruit may grow rather large; on mature slow-growing trees, especially when overloaded, the fruit is apt to be below medium size unless thinned (Beach). Hedrick notes the fruits on old trees run small and uneven in size and shape. Hansen's Transparent group description gives size as "5 to 6."

'''Form.''' Roundish ovate to roundish conic or oblate conic, slightly ribbed (Beach, Lowther); roundish oblate, slightly conical, slightly angular (Downing); roundish conical, sometimes roundish oblate and slightly conical, obscurely angular (Hansen); roundish conical, sometimes oblate conical, obscurely angular (Budd-Hansen); round conic (Thomas); roundish inclining to conical (Central Experimental Farm); round-oval, round-conic or oblate-conic, ribbed (Hedrick). Hansen's Transparent group gives form as "round, conical." Sides unequal.

'''Stem.''' Medium to long, rather thick (Beach, Lowther, Hedrick); short to medium, rather slender (Downing); medium to long (Hansen); long (Budd-Hansen); in Hansen's Transparent group description, "long, rather stout."

'''Cavity.''' Acute or approaching obtuse, medium to deep, rather narrow, sometimes slightly lipped, sometimes russeted (Beach, Hedrick); rather large, sometimes a little greenish (Downing); regular, obtuse, usually russeted (Hansen); regular, acute, usually russeted (Budd-Hansen); acute (Thomas). Hansen's Transparent group gives cavity as "very broad, medium deep." Lowther describes the cavity as "acute or approaching obtuse, medium to deep, rather narrow, somewhat abrupt, furrowed and slightly wrinkled", conflating the cavity with descriptors other sources assign to the basin.

'''Calyx.''' Closed (Downing, Beach, Hansen, Budd-Hansen, Hedrick); lobes medium in length, broad (Beach, Hedrick). Hansen's Transparent group description gives calyx as "open." Calyx tube conical (Beach, Lowther, Hedrick); funnel-shaped (Hansen); conical (Budd-Hansen). Stamens marginal.

'''Basin.''' Moderately shallow, rather narrow, somewhat abrupt, furrowed and slightly wrinkled (Beach); shallow, narrow, abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled (Hedrick); medium, slightly corrugated, sometimes with small protuberances (Downing); narrow, shallow, corrugated (Hansen, Budd-Hansen); shallow, regular (Thomas); medium, wrinkled (Hansen, Transparent group).

'''Skin.''' Thin, tender, smooth, waxy, pale greenish-yellow changing to an attractive yellowish-white (Beach, Lowther); pale yellow changing to yellowish-white (Hedrick); clear white at first, becoming pale yellow when fully mature (Downing); smooth, transparent; surface clear white, becoming pale yellow at maturity (Hansen); smooth, light yellow (Budd-Hansen); yellow, almost transparent (Thomas); pale yellow with a sprinkling of grayish dots (Central Experimental Farm); pale straw-yellow (Hansen, Transparent group). Beach notes that on account of its delicate color and tender skin it shows bruises readily and must be handled with extra care; Lowther echoes that it is not a good shipper for the same reason; Hedrick lists bruising and poor shipping/keeping as chief faults. Beach emphasizes it takes on a good clear yellow color before becoming overripe, which makes it desirable for local market.

'''Dots.''' Moderately numerous, greenish and light colored, often submerged (Beach, Lowther); moderately sprinkled with light and greenish dots, somewhat obscure (Downing); white, large, suffused, obscure (Hansen); large, white, suffused, many (Budd-Hansen); numerous, light colored, often submerged (Hedrick); grayish (Central Experimental Farm); slightly raised irregular gray dots (Hansen, Transparent group).

'''Flesh/Flavor.''' White, moderately firm (Beach, Lowther; "firm" per Hedrick), fine-grained, crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid with a pleasant but not high flavor; quality good or sometimes very good (Beach, Hedrick, Lowther). Downing: white, half fine, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid; quality good to very good; flesh more tender and delicate than [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/tetofsky-apple/ Tetofsky]. Hansen: white, tender, fine grained, juicy, pleasant, sprightly subacid, very good. Budd-Hansen: white, fine-grained, juicy, pleasant, sprightly subacid, good to very good. Thomas: crisp, sub-acid, good. Central Experimental Farm: whitish, coarse, tender, juicy, pleasantly sub-acid, quality very good. Hansen's Transparent group: fine grained, nearly white; flavor pleasant acid. Hedrick notes that if not over-ripe, the apples are very good culinary fruits, and at the proper stage of maturity are acceptable for dessert.

'''Core/Seeds.''' Core medium (Downing); medium to small (Beach, Lowther); medium in size (Hedrick); slightly open, clasping (Hansen); half open, clasping (Budd-Hansen); cells partly open to wide open; core lines clasping (Beach, Hedrick); nearly closed (Hansen, Transparent group). Carpels broadly ovate (Beach, Hedrick). Seeds medium size, rather wide, rather flat, obtuse to slightly acute (Beach); wide, flat, obtuse (Hedrick).

== Season ==
Early. Beach gives late July and August; the crop ripens continuously through a period of three or four weeks, beginning in July and continuing in season in some cases till early September; two or more pickings are required to secure the fruit in prime condition. Downing: early August, a week or two before [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/tetofsky-apple/ Tetofsky]. Lowther: July and August, depending on latitude. Hedrick: July and August. Hansen: early August. Budd-Hansen: late July and early August. Central Experimental Farm: August and September. Hansen's Transparent group description: August 1st to 10th. It does not continue long in use (Downing); the fruits can never be kept long nor shipped far (Hedrick).

== Uses ==
One of the best of the extra early apples, excellent for culinary use and acceptable for dessert (Beach). Not equal in quality to [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/early-harvest-apple/ Early Harvest], but it begins to ripen somewhat earlier and is a more reliable cropper (Beach). Generally grown in New York state for home use only, but in some places cultivated to a limited extent for market, particularly for local market; desirable for this purpose because it takes on a good clear yellow color before becoming overripe (Beach). Thomas: "Largely grown all over the country as an excellent early market apple. Especially valuable for the kitchen." Budd-Hansen: a commercial variety for first early. Hedrick: very good culinary fruits if not over-ripe, acceptable for dessert at proper maturity. A. G. Tuttle (quoted via Hansen): "I find this variety profitable for the earliest fancy market, shipped in small boxes."

== Illustrations ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="240">
File:USDA_Pomological_Yellow_Transparent_POM00000996.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Newton, Amanda Almira (Bayfield, Bayfield, Wisconsin)
File:USDA_Pomological_Yellow_Transparent_POM00000993.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Passmore, Deborah Griscom (Magnolia, Kent, Delaware)
File:USDA_Pomological_Yellow_Transparent_POM00000995.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham (Hancock, Washington, Maryland)
File:USDA_Pomological_Yellow_Transparent_POM00000998.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham (College Park, Prince Georges, Maryland)
File:USDA_Pomological_Yellow_Transparent_POM00000997.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Arnold, Mary Daisy (Arlington, Virginia)
File:USDA_Pomological_Yellow_Transparent_POM00000999.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Arnold, Mary Daisy (College Park, Prince Georges, Maryland)
File:USDA_Pomological_Yellow_Transparent_POM00000013.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Steadman, Royal Charles (South Haven, Van Buren, Michigan)
File:USDA_Pomological_Yellow_Transparent_POM00000992.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Steadman, Royal Charles (South Haven, Van Buren, Michigan)
</gallery>

U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705

== USDA Bulletin 56 Notes ==
'''USDA name:''' Grand Sultan

'''USDA citations:''' NYExR'92

== Sources ==
* S.A. Beach, The Apples of New York Vol. 2 (1905). Public domain.
* A.J. Downing, Fruits and Fruit Trees of America (1869). Public domain.
* Granville Lowther (ed.), Encyclopedia of Practical Horticulture (1914). Public domain.
* N.E. Hansen, A Study of Northwestern Apples (South Dakota Ag. Exp. Station Bulletin 76, 1902). Public domain.
* J.L. Budd & N.E. Hansen, American Horticultural Manual, Part II: Systematic Pomology (1914). Public domain.
* U.P. Hedrick, Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits (1922). Public domain.
* John J. Thomas, The American Fruit Culturist (1903). Public domain.
* USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, U.S. National Agricultural Library.
* 68 historical nursery catalog references (see [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/yellow-transparent-apple/ Variety Finder] for the full list).
* '''Full entry with all citations:''' [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/yellow-transparent-apple/ Yellow Transparent on the Variety Finder]

== Trees of this Variety in Our Collection ==
{{#ask: [[Has variety::Yellow Transparent]]
|?Has orchard=Orchard
|?Has field tag=Tag
|?Has condition=Condition
|format=table
|sort=Has orchard, Has field tag
}}

[[Category:Varieties]]
[[Category:Apple Trees]]

Winesap

2026-07-18T05:26:24Z

Bot: Bot: remove 7 issue-marked watercolor(s) (injury/disease illustrations)

{{Variety Infobox
|name=Winesap
|species=Apple
|at_clarno=yes
|clarno_year=2025
}}
[[File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00001025.jpg|thumb|right|320px|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Newton, Amanda Almira (Wenatchee, Chelan, Washington). Public domain. USDA National Agricultural Library.]]

We can scarcely find words sufficiently strong to express the high opinion we have for this fruit, possessing, as it does, a combination of so many excellent qualities. For cider it has no equals; for the table it stands among the best; for keeping it is justly esteemed; and for bearing it scarcely has a rival. Considering all this, we most earnestly recommend it to the consideration of orchardists. Fruit medium size, rather oblong; skin smooth, of a fine dark red, with a few streaks and a little yellow ground appearing on the shady side; flesh yellow, firm, crisp, with a rich, high flavor. December to April.
'''Read the full entry:''' [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/winesap-apple/ Winesap on the Variety Finder] for deeper history, every book quote, and all nursery catalog references.

== Quick Facts ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''Type''' || Apple
|-
| '''Season''' || Late (Late fall (late October))
|-
| '''Flavor''' || sweet tart, spicy, vinous, subacid, rich, brisk
|-
| '''Flavor notes''' || Distinctive wine-like and spicy flavor; balanced sweet-tart with tangy, savory nuances; crisp yellow flesh
|-
| '''Uses''' || fresh eating, cooking, cider, baking
|-
| '''Keeping quality''' || Excellent
|-
| '''Size''' || Medium
|-
| '''Shape''' || Round
|-
| '''Skin color''' || striped red, red, yellow, dark, striped, russet, crimson, blushed
|-
| '''Flesh''' || Yellow fine
|-
| '''Origin''' || New Jersey, USA, c. 1750. New Jersey, USA; Colonial era (before 1804), exact origin unknown
|}

== Synonyms ==
Holland's Red Winter, Pot Pie Apple, Potpie Apple, Royal Red, Royal Red of Kentucky, Texan Red, Wine Sap, Wine Sop

== Fruit ==
=== Size ===
Medium (Coxe, Warder, Downing, Hansen, Thomas, Budd-Hansen). Hedrick says "medium to large." Beach notes that in New York Winesap "seldom reaches good medium size" and averages even smaller than fruit grown farther south; Lowther confirms "the difficulty with the Winesap is its tendency to grow small," but notes this may be obviated by fertilizing or heavy pruning, and that in the Piedmont region in Virginia and the Pacific Northwest it reaches good size. Beach and Lowther agree the fruit is pretty uniform in size and shape. Hedrick calls it "uniform in size and shape."

=== Form ===
Round, lessening a little towards the crown (Coxe); roundish oblong (Downing); conical, often obscurely angular or slightly ribbed (Warder); roundish conical, often obscurely angular and slightly ribbed (Hansen, Budd-Hansen); round-ovate, slightly conical, sometimes obscurely flattened (Thomas); usually conical, sometimes roundish, nearly truncate at base, nearly regular or obscurely ribbed, symmetrical (Beach); roundish conical, nearly truncate at the base (Lowther); usually conical, sometimes round, truncate at base, regular or obscurely ribbed, symmetrical (Hedrick). Hedrick emphasizes the "rotund shape, usually somewhat truncate, and always uniform and regular."

=== Stem ===
Medium (Warder, Hansen, Budd-Hansen); short, rather slender (Hedrick); medium to short, rather slender (Beach); slender, three-fourths of an inch long (Thomas); nearly an inch long, slender (Downing).

=== Cavity ===
Wide, reddish brown (Warder); wide, regular, acute, lined with reddish stellate russet, sometimes extending out a little over base (Hansen, Budd-Hansen); irregular (Downing); acute (Thomas); medium to rather small, acute to acuminate, narrow to rather broad, deep, symmetrical or somewhat furrowed, often more or less lipped, often russeted or with outspreading russet rays (Beach); small, acute, narrow, deep, symmetrical or furrowed, often lipped, often russeted or with outspreading russet rays (Hedrick).

=== Calyx ===
Small, closed (Warder); small, placed in a regular basin with fine plaits (Downing); small, in a finely plaited basin (Thomas); closed, segments flat convergent (Hansen, Budd-Hansen); medium to large, closed; lobes long, narrow, acuminate (Beach); large, closed; lobes long, narrow, acuminate (Hedrick).

=== Basin ===
Narrow, shallow, plaited (Warder, Hansen, Budd-Hansen); rather small to medium, often oblique, shallow to rather deep and abrupt, narrow to moderately wide, distinctly furrowed, somewhat wrinkled (Beach); small, often oblique, shallow, narrow, distinctly furrowed, wrinkled (Hedrick); finely plaited (Thomas).

=== Skin ===
Smooth (Coxe, Downing, Thomas); medium in thickness, tough, smooth, glossy (Beach, Lowther, Hedrick); moderately thick, very tough; surface smooth (Hansen, Budd-Hansen). Color: dark red with a small portion of yellow, sometimes a few streaks (Coxe); fine dark red, with a few streaks, and a little yellow ground, appearing on the shady side (Downing); lively deep red (Thomas); bright or dark red, mixed and obscurely striped on yellow, which is mostly covered, often veined russet (Warder); rich dark yellow, mostly covered with fine lively dark red, sometimes obscurely striped, often with russet net-veining, especially toward the base (Hansen, Budd-Hansen); bright deep red indistinctly striped and blotched with very dark purplish-red over a distinctly yellow ground color or green if not fully mature, overspread with faint bloom (Beach); bright deep red (Lowther); bright red indistinctly striped and blotched with dark red over a yellow ground-color, overspread with faint bloom (Hedrick). Hedrick summarizes: "prevailing color… bright deep red, striped and blotched with dark purple, the ground color being golden yellow, which, with the smooth glossy texture and soft bloom, make this a very handsome fruit." Prevailing effect: bright deep red (Beach) / deep red (Hedrick). Stark Bros. (1910) simply: "a dark red color."

=== Dots ===
Few, minute, indented (Warder); few, minute, indented toward the apex, distinctly elongated toward the base (Hansen, Budd-Hansen); rather small, scattering, whitish, sometimes in conspicuous contrast with the deep red skin especially toward the cavity (Beach); small, scattering, white (Hedrick).

=== Flesh / Flavor ===
Rich, yellow, and tolerably juicy, pleasant, and sweet (Coxe); firm, yellow; flavor rich, acid to sub-acid (Warder); yellow, firm, crisp, with a rich, high flavor; "Very good" (Downing); yellowish, firm, crisp, with a rich sub-acid or rather acid flavor (Thomas); yellow, firm, crisp, fine-grained, rich, sprightly subacid, very good (Hansen, Budd-Hansen); tinged with yellow, veins sometimes red, very firm, rather coarse, moderately crisp, very juicy, sprightly subacid, good to very good (Beach, Lowther); yellow, veins sometimes red, firm, coarse, crisp, juicy, sprightly subacid; good to very good (Hedrick). Hedrick further notes "the coarse yellow flesh, with veins tinged with red, is distinctive, as is, also, the sprightly, subacid flavor."

=== Core / Seeds ===
Core regular, somewhat open (Warder); slightly open, clasping, turbinate; cells ovate, slit; tube funnel-shaped; stamens marginal (Hansen, Budd-Hansen); medium to small, abaxile with a hollow cylinder in the axis, narrowing toward the apex; cells pretty uniformly developed, symmetrical, open or slightly closed; core lines clasping; carpels broadly roundish, much concave, slightly emarginate if at all, mucronate (Beach); small, abaxile with a hollow cylinder in the axis, narrowing toward the apex; cells uniformly developed, symmetrical, open or nearly closed; core-lines clasping; carpels broadly round, concave, slightly emarginate if at all, mucronate (Hedrick). Calyx tube quite variable, conical or funnel-shape (Beach); variable, conical (Hedrick); stamens marginal (Beach, Hedrick, Hansen, Budd-Hansen). Seeds large, rather light (Warder); few, medium, short, plump, rather short, brown (Hansen, Budd-Hansen); below medium to above, wide, plump, obtuse (Beach); wide, plump, obtuse (Hedrick).

== Season ==
Coxe notes the apples hang late on the tree and can make good cider without housing, though they will repay complete maturation in an airy loft by the increased flavor of the liquor. Warder: January to March. Downing: November to May. Hansen and Budd-Hansen: December to May. Thomas: "Keeps through winter." Beach: at his Station in season from January to June with April as the ordinary commercial limit; in more southern latitudes the season extends to February in ordinary storage and to April in cold storage. Hedrick: October to March. Beach and Hedrick both note the fruit is a good shipper and stands heat well before going into storage, but late in the season it often scalds, particularly when not well colored (Beach) / often scalds in cold storage (Hedrick). Stark Bros. (1910) calls it "the best of all late varieties."

== Uses ==
Market, kitchen, cider (Warder). One of the best cider fruits, the cider produced from it is "vinous, clear, and strong; equal to any fruit liquor of our country for bottling" (Coxe); Downing likewise calls it "one of the very finest cider fruits" as well as "a good Apple for the table." Thomas: "One of the best apples for baking." A good eating apple (Coxe). One of the leading apples for export (Hansen, Budd-Hansen). A major commercial / market variety (Beach, Stark Bros., Hedrick).

== Illustrations ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="240">
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00001025.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Newton, Amanda Almira (Wenatchee, Chelan, Washington)
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00004231.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Newton, Amanda Almira (Syracuse, Onondaga, New York)
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00004232.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Newton, Amanda Almira (Yakima, Yakima, Washington)
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00000755.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Passmore, Deborah Griscom (Franktown, Washoe, Nevada)
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00001024.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Passmore, Deborah Griscom (Charlottesville, Virginia)
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00004221.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Passmore, Deborah Griscom (Kansas City, Jackson, Missouri)
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00004222.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Passmore, Deborah Griscom (Woodside, Kent, Delaware)
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00004224.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Passmore, Deborah Griscom (San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, California)
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00004228.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Passmore, Deborah Griscom (Wenatchee, Chelan, Washington)
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00000752.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham (Medford, Jackson, Oregon)
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00000753.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham (Medford, Jackson, Oregon)
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00000754.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham (Goode, Bedford, Virginia)
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00004225.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham (Goode, Bedford, Virginia)
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00004226.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham (Riverside, Riverside, California)
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00004229.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00004230.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham (Magnolia, Kent, Delaware)
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00000756.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Heiges, Bertha (Shawnee, Pottawatomie, Oklahoma)
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00000757.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Heiges, Bertha (Coleman Falls, Bedford, Virginia)
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00004223.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Heiges, Bertha (Redlands, San Bernardino, California)
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00000751.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Arnold, Mary Daisy (Yakima, Yakima, Washington)
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00000055.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Steadman, Royal Charles
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00004227.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Lower, Elsie E. (Pleasant Valley, El Dorado, California)
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00004233.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Steadman, Royal Charles (Richmond, Virginia)
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00004251.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Steadman, Royal Charles (Arlington, Virginia)
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00004252.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Steadman, Royal Charles (Flint Hill, Virginia)
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00004253.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Steadman, Royal Charles
File:USDA_Pomological_Winesap_POM00004254.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Steadman, Royal Charles (Wenatchee, Chelan, Washington)
</gallery>

U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705

== Sources ==
* Coxe, A View of the Cultivation of Fruit Trees (1817). Public domain.
* Granville Lowther (ed.), Encyclopedia of Practical Horticulture (1914). Public domain.
* John A. Warder, American Pomology: Apples (1867). Public domain.
* J.L. Budd & N.E. Hansen, American Horticultural Manual, Part II: Systematic Pomology (1914). Public domain.
* A.J. Downing, Fruits and Fruit Trees of America (1869). Public domain.
* N.E. Hansen, A Study of Northwestern Apples (South Dakota Ag. Exp. Station Bulletin 76, 1902). Public domain.
* U.P. Hedrick, Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits (1922). Public domain.
* John J. Thomas, The American Fruit Culturist (1903). Public domain.
* S.A. Beach, The Apples of New York Vol. 1 (1905). Public domain.
* USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, U.S. National Agricultural Library.
* 72 historical nursery catalog references (see [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/winesap-apple/ Variety Finder] for the full list).
* '''Full entry with all citations:''' [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/winesap-apple/ Winesap on the Variety Finder]

== Trees of this Variety in Our Collection ==
{{#ask: [[Has variety::Winesap]]
|?Has orchard=Orchard
|?Has field tag=Tag
|?Has condition=Condition
|format=table
|sort=Has orchard, Has field tag
}}

[[Category:Varieties]]
[[Category:Apple Trees]]
[[Category:Preserved at Clarno]]

White Winter Pearmain

2026-07-18T05:26:16Z

Bot: Bot: remove 1 issue-marked watercolor(s) (injury/disease illustrations)

{{Variety Infobox
|name=White Winter Pearmain
|species=Apple
|at_clarno=yes
|clarno_year=2025
}}
[[File:USDA_Pomological_White_Winter_Pearmain_POM00004135.jpg|thumb|right|320px|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Newton, Amanda Almira (Watsonville, Santa Cruz, California). Public domain. USDA National Agricultural Library.]]

Large, roundish, oblong, conic; pale yellow with high flavor. The original tree has never failed to produce from a moderate set to a full crop. It is not only a beauty but all right for size, quality and productiveness, qualities rarely combined in one variety. Season, December to March.
'''Read the full entry:''' [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/white-winter-pearmain-apple/ White Winter Pearmain on the Variety Finder] for deeper history, every book quote, and all nursery catalog references.

== Quick Facts ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''Type''' || Apple
|-
| '''Season''' || Late (Late fall to winter (October to November))
|-
| '''Flavor''' || sweet, aromatic, honeyed, subacid, mild
|-
| '''Flavor notes''' || Honeyed, tropical notes; sweet, sprightly; tender, fine-grained, crisp flesh; aromatic
|-
| '''Uses''' || fresh eating, pies, sauce, cider, cooking
|-
| '''Keeping quality''' || Excellent
|-
| '''Size''' || Above Medium
|-
| '''Shape''' || Conic
|-
| '''Skin color''' || yellow, green, blushed, red
|-
| '''Flesh''' || Yellow crisp
|-
| '''Origin''' || eastern United States, USA, c. 1790. Unknown, likely eastern United States; documented before 1850, possibly late 1700s to early 1800s
|}

== Synonyms ==
Campbellite, Michael Henry, Michael Henry Pippin, WHITE PEARMAIN, White Pearmain, Winter Harvey

== Origin and History ==
Origin unknown; thought to be an old Eastern variety whose name was lost when it traveled west, though it has never been definitively identified. Warder records that the fruit was brought to Indiana by some of the early pomologists "in the days of saddle-bag transportation." In a lot of grafts, two varieties lost their labels and were propagated and fruited without name; being considered Pearmain-shaped, they were called respectively Red and White Winter Pearmains. The former proved to be the [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/esopus-spitzenberg-apple/ Esopus Spitzenberg]; the latter has never been identified, though it is believed to be an old eastern variety. Downing suggested it might be the Winter Harvey, a description of which Warder had not seen. Hedrick reiterates that it was "one of the highly prized possessions of the pioneers of Ohio and Indiana," brought as grafts during the saddle-bag era, and is "thought to be an old sort renamed, but what it is no one knows."

For a time the variety was confounded with the [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/michael-henry-apple/ Michael Henry Pippin], an old New Jersey apple. Elliott, in his first edition (1854), made White Pearmain and White Winter Pearmain synonyms of [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/michael-henry-apple/ Michael Henry Pippin] because all specimens he had examined matched that variety; on later testing on his own grounds he became confident of its distinctness, and retained it under the name by which it was generally known. Warder likewise notes the early confusion and affirms the two are very distinct. In 1858 the American Pomological Society catalogued it as White Winter Pearmain; since 1897 it has been listed by the Society as White Pearmain, though Beach observes "it is very doubtful whether this change will be generally accepted by fruit growers and fruit dealers." Downing also records the name "Campbellite" for this variety.

It is an old favorite dessert apple in portions of the Middle West from Ohio to Kansas, and Elliott reports that "in Oregon it is one of the most desirable of apples." Beach notes it succeeds better in those regions than in New York, where it has been little grown and is now seldom or never planted. Budd-Hansen's specimen illustrated was "a fine specimen from the Pacific slope, in Washington, shown at the Pan-American Exposition, 1901." Hedrick adds that its cultivation is largely confined to Ohio and Indiana, though it has been somewhat planted in the Far West, and notes the apples are "not particularly attractive in appearance, neither shape nor color appealing to the eye."

== Fruit ==
'''Size.''' Medium to large, or "below medium to nearly large" (Beach); above medium (Elliott); rather large (Thomas); above medium to large (Budd-Hansen); medium to large (Hedrick). Uniform in size and shape.

'''Form.''' Conical, regular, sometimes obscurely angular (Warder); roundish oblong conic, somewhat oblique (Downing); roundish ovate or roundish approaching oblong conic, varying to roundish conic, somewhat ribbed, pretty symmetrical (Beach); oblong conical, angular or oblique (Elliott); conical, angular or ribbed (Thomas); roundish oblong conic, somewhat oblique and ribbed toward the base (Budd-Hansen); round-oblate, round or oblong-conic, ribbed, symmetrical (Hedrick).

'''Stem.''' Medium to long, often knobby and clubbed (Warder); short (Downing, Elliott, Thomas); medium to long, often fleshy or knobbed at branch end (Budd-Hansen); medium to long (Beach, Hedrick).

'''Cavity.''' Acute, wavy, brown (Warder); deep, nearly closed (Downing); deep (Elliott); rather small to above medium, acute, deep, moderately narrow to broad, somewhat furrowed, sometimes russeted (Beach); deep, regular, obtuse, with faint trace of russet (Budd-Hansen); small, acute, deep, narrow, furrowed, sometimes russeted (Hedrick).

'''Calyx.''' Medium, closed (Warder); nearly closed (Elliott); medium to large, usually closed, lobes long, acute (Beach); open, with segments long, divergent (Budd-Hansen); large, usually closed, lobes long, acute (Hedrick). Downing notes "Segments long." Calyx tube long, conical (Beach, Hedrick); tube funnel-shaped, stamens median (Budd-Hansen).

'''Basin.''' Abrupt, regular or shallow and folded (Warder); uneven (Downing, Budd-Hansen); uneven, surrounded by five prominences, continued in obscure angles along its sides (Elliott); small to medium, oblique, shallow and obtuse to medium in depth and rather abrupt, medium in width, often distinctly furrowed, wrinkled, pubescent (Beach); shallow, uneven, or ribbed (Budd-Hansen); small, oblique, shallow, obtuse, often distinctly furrowed, wrinkled, pubescent (Hedrick).

'''Skin.''' Smooth, yellow, often bronzy (Warder); pale yellow, with a slight blush or warm cheek, thickly sprinkled with minute brown dots (Downing); pale yellow, with slight blush cheek and minute brown dots (Elliott); light yellowish green, with a brownish red cheek (Thomas); clear pale yellow, with faint bronze blush or warm cheek (Budd-Hansen); tough, smooth, slightly waxen, pale yellow, or at first greenish, with a shade of brownish-red (Beach); tough, smooth, waxen, pale yellow, with a shade of brownish-red (Hedrick). Dots scattered, small, dark (Warder); minute brown (Downing, Elliott); distinct, numerous, minute, russet (Budd-Hansen); numerous, pale or russet, often submerged, usually larger and much elongated about the cavity (Beach, Hedrick).

'''Flesh / Flavor.''' Yellow, fine grained, tender, crisp, juicy; flavor mild sub-acid, very rich; quality best (Warder). Yellowish, tender, crisp, juicy, very pleasant subacid; very good (Downing). Yellowish, tender, crisp, juicy, pleasant, very mild sub-acid; "very good" (Elliott). Whitish, fine-grained, with a mild sub-acid, rich, fine flavor (Thomas). Yellowish, tender, juicy, crisp, spicy, very pleasant subacid, excellent to best (Budd-Hansen). Slightly tinged with yellow, firm, fine-grained, crisp, tender, juicy, mild subacid, sprightly, very pleasantly aromatic, very good to best (Beach). Yellow, firm, fine-grained, crisp, tender, juicy, mild subacid, sprightly, pleasantly aromatic; good to best (Hedrick). Hedrick notes the apples are "a little too mild for culinary uses."

'''Core / Seeds.''' Core regular, closed, slightly clasping the eye; seeds few, pointed, pale or yellow (Warder). Core medium to rather large; cells closed or partly open; core lines somewhat clasping; carpels rather flat, broad or roundish-cordate, emarginate, mucronate, tufted; seeds light brown, medium to large, rather wide, plump, obtuse to acute, tufted (Beach). Core closed; cells round, slit; tube funnel-shaped; stamens median; seeds plump (Budd-Hansen). Core medium to large; cells closed or partly open; core-lines clasping; carpels flat, broad or round-cordate, emarginate, mucronate, tufted; seeds light brown, large, wide, plump, obtuse, tufted (Hedrick).

== Season ==
December to March (Warder, Beach, Hedrick); January to April (Downing, Elliott); December to April (Budd-Hansen); winter (Lowther). Beach notes the fruit is "often scabby on rich limestone soils and on old trees" (under fruit), affecting handsomeness in some seasons.

== Uses ==
Table, kitchen, market (Warder). Both kitchen and market (Lowther). A dessert apple (Beach). Hedrick remarks it is "a little too mild for culinary uses," implying its strength is as a dessert fruit.

== Illustrations ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="240">
File:USDA_Pomological_White_Winter_Pearmain_POM00004135.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Newton, Amanda Almira (Watsonville, Santa Cruz, California)
File:USDA_Pomological_White_Winter_Pearmain_POM00004137.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Newton, Amanda Almira (Watsonville, Santa Cruz, California)
File:USDA_Pomological_White_Winter_Pearmain_POM00004138.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Newton, Amanda Almira (Milton-Freewater, Umatilla, Oregon)
File:USDA_Pomological_White_Winter_Pearmain_POM00004134.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Heiges, Bertha (Coeur d'Alene, Kootenai, Idaho)
File:USDA_Pomological_White_Winter_Pearmain_POM00000047.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Steadman, Royal Charles (Corvallis, Benton, Oregon)
</gallery>

U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705

== Sources ==
* John A. Warder, American Pomology: Apples (1867). Public domain.
* A.J. Downing, Fruits and Fruit Trees of America (1869). Public domain.
* S.A. Beach, The Apples of New York Vol. 1 (1905). Public domain.
* U.P. Hedrick, Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits (1922). Public domain.
* F.R. Elliott, The Western Fruit Book (1865). Public domain.
* Granville Lowther (ed.), Encyclopedia of Practical Horticulture (1914). Public domain.
* John J. Thomas, The American Fruit Culturist (1903). Public domain.
* J.L. Budd & N.E. Hansen, American Horticultural Manual, Part II: Systematic Pomology (1914). Public domain.
* USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, U.S. National Agricultural Library.
* 41 historical nursery catalog references (see [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/white-winter-pearmain-apple/ Variety Finder] for the full list).
* '''Full entry with all citations:''' [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/white-winter-pearmain-apple/ White Winter Pearmain on the Variety Finder]

== Trees of this Variety in Our Collection ==
{{#ask: [[Has variety::White Winter Pearmain]]
|?Has orchard=Orchard
|?Has field tag=Tag
|?Has condition=Condition
|format=table
|sort=Has orchard, Has field tag
}}

[[Category:Varieties]]
[[Category:Apple Trees]]
[[Category:Preserved at Clarno]]

Wealthy

2026-07-18T05:26:06Z

Bot: Bot: remove 1 issue-marked watercolor(s) (injury/disease illustrations)

{{Variety Infobox
|name=Wealthy
|species=Apple
|at_clarno=yes
|clarno_year=2025
}}
[[File:USDA_Pomological_Wealthy_POM00003354.jpg|thumb|right|320px|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Newton, Amanda Almira (Rockyford, Otero, Colorado). Public domain. USDA National Agricultural Library.]]

An apple of fine appearance and quality, an early and too profuse bearer. A good market apple of its season. Tree nearly as hardy as Duchess. Its chief fault is killing itself by its early and excessive bearing. Its keeping quality, if gathered early and carefully handled, is pretty good in the North, but farther south it is only a fine fall apple, ripening with us in September. In size and beauty it equals Baldwin, and a better dessert apple.
'''Read the full entry:''' [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/wealthy-apple/ Wealthy on the Variety Finder] for deeper history, every book quote, and all nursery catalog references.

== Quick Facts ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''Type''' || Apple
|-
| '''Season''' || Early (Early fall (late August to September))
|-
| '''Flavor''' || sweet, subacid, berry, aromatic, vinous
|-
| '''Flavor notes''' || Mild subacid flavor with notes of pear and lemon; sweet when fully ripe with strawberry hints; juicy and crisp
|-
| '''Uses''' || fresh eating, cider, cooking
|-
| '''Keeping quality''' || Good
|-
| '''Size''' || Above Medium
|-
| '''Shape''' || Oblate
|-
| '''Skin color''' || yellow, green, red, crimson, blushed, striped, pale, dark, orange, pink
|-
| '''Flesh''' || Pink tender
|-
| '''Origin''' || Minnesota, USA, c. 1861. Excelsior, Minnesota, USA; developed by Peter Gideon, first fruited around 1861
|}

== Fruit ==
'''Size:''' Medium (Downing, Thomas); above medium to large when well grown but often small on old trees, more or less uneven in size (Beach); above medium to large, inclining to be small and to ripen irregularly on old trees (Lowther); above medium to large (Hansen, Budd-Hansen); fairly large, 3 by 2¼ (Bunyard); medium to large (Hedrick). Pretty uniform in shape and quality; the apples run small and uneven on old trees (Hedrick).

'''Form:''' Oblate or roundish oblate (Downing); roundish oblate, very regular (Hansen, Budd-Hansen); roundish, oblate (Thomas); roundish conic, slightly flattened at base, regular, symmetrical (Beach, Lowther, Hedrick); round, a little flattened each end (Bunyard).

'''Stem/Stalk:''' Short to medium, slender (Downing); usually short to medium, but rather long on small fruit and rather slender (Beach); short to medium (Lowther); medium (Hansen, Budd-Hansen); short, long on small fruit, slender (Hedrick); very slender, rather long (Bunyard).

'''Cavity:''' Green, russet (Downing); decidedly acuminate, rather deep, moderately narrow to rather broad, russeted (Beach); decidedly acuminate, rather deep (Lowther); deep, acute, regular, with slight stellate russet (Hansen, Budd-Hansen); acuminate, deep, narrow, russeted (Hedrick); remarkably narrow and deep, with the crimson flush and broad stripes extending right into the cavity (Bunyard).

'''Calyx:''' Partially closed (Downing); medium size, closed or partly open; lobes broad, obtuse to acute (Beach); medium sized, closed or partly open (Lowther); partially closed, segments erect convergent (Hansen, Budd-Hansen); closed or partly open; lobes broad, obtuse (Hedrick); eye very small, closed (Bunyard).

'''Basin:''' Deep, abrupt, uneven (Downing); medium in depth to rather shallow, rather narrow, abrupt, smooth, symmetrical (Beach); deep, smooth, regular, abrupt, sometimes finely wrinkled (Hansen, Budd-Hansen); narrow, abrupt, smooth, symmetrical (Hedrick); deep and rather narrow, slightly ribbed (Bunyard).

'''Skin:''' Whitish yellow ground, shaded with deep rich crimson in the sun, obscure broken stripes and mottlings in the shade, sometimes entirely covered with crimson, many light dots (Downing). Thin, tough, pale yellow or greenish, blushed and marked with narrow stripes and splashes of red, deepening in highly colored specimens to brilliant red, very attractive; dots numerous, small, inconspicuous, pale or russet; prevailing effect bright red (Beach, Lowther, Hedrick). Surface smooth, light yellow, almost wholly covered with bright crimson splashes and stripes, marbled, mottled and mixed on sunny side, a beautiful fruit; dots many, distinct, minute, white (Hansen, Budd-Hansen). Yellowish shade with dark red, oily (Thomas). Pale golden-yellow almost covered with brilliant crimson flush and broad stripes (Bunyard). Lowther adds that in almost all parts of the arid sections where it is grown it takes on a rich color. Hedrick notes the fruits are handsome in appearance, color, size, and shape, in all of which they are uniform.

'''Flesh/Flavor:''' White (Downing, Thomas, Hansen, Budd-Hansen, Bunyard), whitish (Beach, Lowther, Hedrick), sometimes/often stained with red. Fine-grained (Downing), moderately fine (Beach, Lowther), fine (Hedrick), loose grained (Bunyard); crisp (Beach, Lowther, Hedrick), tender (Downing, Beach, Lowther, Thomas, Hansen, Budd-Hansen, Hedrick), very juicy (Beach, Lowther, Hansen, Budd-Hansen, Hedrick; "juicy", Downing, Thomas, Bunyard). Flavor described as lively, vinous, subacid, very good (Downing); agreeable subacid, sprightly, somewhat aromatic, good to very good (Beach, Lowther); agreeable subacid, sprightly, aromatic, good to very good (Hedrick); sprightly subacid, very good (Hansen, Budd-Hansen); sub-acid, very good (Thomas); very sweet, with a pleasant strawberry flavour (Bunyard). Hedrick notes the quality, while not of the best, is good, the flesh being especially crisp, juicy, and refreshing.

'''Core/Seeds:''' Core small (Downing, Hansen, Budd-Hansen, Hedrick); medium to very small, axile or sometimes slightly abaxile; cells symmetrical, slightly open; core lines clasping (Beach); barely clasping, closed; cells round, entire (Hansen, Budd-Hansen); axile or sometimes abaxile; cells symmetrical, open; core-lines clasping (Hedrick). Calyx tube conical approaching funnel-form (Beach); funnel-shaped (Hansen, Budd-Hansen); calyx-tube conical (Hedrick). Stamens median (Beach, Hedrick); median or basal (Hansen, Budd-Hansen). Carpels medium to rather small, roundish, narrowing toward base and apex, smooth, flat (Beach); small, round, narrowing toward base and apex, smooth, flat (Hedrick). Seeds moderately dark brown, above medium, rather acute (Beach); plump (Hansen, Budd-Hansen); dark brown, acute (Hedrick).

== Season ==
October to January (Beach, Lowther, Hedrick); October to February (Hansen, Budd-Hansen); December, February (Downing); October to November (Bunyard). In season from October to early winter or mid-winter; in ordinary storage its commercial limit is October, but in cold storage it may be kept till January or later; it does not stand heat very well before going into storage, and goes down rather quickly (Beach). The fruits stand handling and storage (Hedrick).

== Uses ==
Bright red and good in quality for either dessert or culinary uses; the fruit sells well, and the variety is being planted for commercial purposes in many parts of the state, in some sections more than any other apple of its season (Beach). A standard commercial variety in the plains region, and valued as an excellent culinary and market sort elsewhere (Thomas). Dessert; "almost worth growing for its appearance alone, and to those who like a tender fleshed variety it will be acceptable; it is rather too soft for market use" (Bunyard). An ideal apple for planting as a filler among permanent trees (Hedrick).

== Illustrations ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="240">
File:USDA_Pomological_Wealthy_POM00003354.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Newton, Amanda Almira (Rockyford, Otero, Colorado)
File:USDA_Pomological_Wealthy_POM00003356.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Newton, Amanda Almira (Douglas, Allegan, Michigan)
File:USDA_Pomological_Wealthy_POM00003459.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Passmore, Deborah Griscom (Rockford, Floyd, Iowa)
File:USDA_Pomological_Wealthy_POM00003510.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Passmore, Deborah Griscom (Syracuse, Onondaga, New York)
File:USDA_Pomological_Wealthy_POM00003357.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham (Douglas, Allegan, Michigan)
File:USDA_Pomological_Wealthy_POM00003455.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham (Rockford, Floyd, Iowa)
File:USDA_Pomological_Wealthy_POM00003505.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham (Syracuse, Onondaga, New York)
File:USDA_Pomological_Wealthy_POM00003512.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham (Minneapolis, Hennepin, Minnesota)
File:USDA_Pomological_Wealthy_POM00003669.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham (Buffalo, Erie, New York)
File:USDA_Pomological_Wealthy_POM00003456.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Arnold, Mary Daisy
File:USDA_Pomological_Wealthy_POM00003511.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Arnold, Mary Daisy (Dorset, Bennington, Virginia)
File:USDA_Pomological_Wealthy_POM00003458.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Lower, Elsie E. (Rockford, Floyd, Iowa)
</gallery>

U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705

== USDA Bulletin 56 Notes ==
'''USDA name:''' Wealthy

'''USDA citations:''' AHortA'69

== Sources ==
* S.A. Beach, The Apples of New York Vol. 2 (1905). Public domain.
* J.L. Budd & N.E. Hansen, American Horticultural Manual, Part II: Systematic Pomology (1914). Public domain.
* Granville Lowther (ed.), Encyclopedia of Practical Horticulture (1914). Public domain.
* N.E. Hansen, A Study of Northwestern Apples (South Dakota Ag. Exp. Station Bulletin 76, 1902). Public domain.
* E.A. Bunyard, A Handbook of Hardy Fruits (1920). Public domain.
* A.J. Downing, Fruits and Fruit Trees of America (1869). Public domain.
* U.P. Hedrick, Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits (1922). Public domain.
* John J. Thomas, The American Fruit Culturist (1903). Public domain.
* USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, U.S. National Agricultural Library.
* 72 historical nursery catalog references (see [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/wealthy-apple/ Variety Finder] for the full list).
* '''Full entry with all citations:''' [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/wealthy-apple/ Wealthy on the Variety Finder]

== Trees of this Variety in Our Collection ==
{{#ask: [[Has variety::Wealthy]]
|?Has orchard=Orchard
|?Has field tag=Tag
|?Has condition=Condition
|format=table
|sort=Has orchard, Has field tag
}}

[[Category:Varieties]]
[[Category:Apple Trees]]
[[Category:Preserved at Clarno]]

Red Astrachan

2026-07-18T05:25:57Z

Bot: Bot: remove 1 issue-marked watercolor(s) (injury/disease illustrations)

{{Variety Infobox
|name=Red Astrachan
|species=Apple
|at_clarno=yes
|clarno_year=2025
}}
[[File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Astrachan_POM00003025.jpg|thumb|right|320px|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Newton, Amanda Almira (Missoula, Missoula, Montana). Public domain. USDA National Agricultural Library.]]

Tree hardy, and a regular bearer. Large, roundish; nearly covered with crimson, and with an exquisite bloom on the surface of the fruit, like that of the plum; an apple of extraordinary beauty and first rate quality, ripening very early, and suitable for the table and kitchen. July and Aug.
'''Read the full entry:''' [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/red-astrachan-apple/ Red Astrachan on the Variety Finder] for deeper history, every book quote, and all nursery catalog references.

== Quick Facts ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''Type''' || Apple
|-
| '''Season''' || Very Early (Very early (July to early August))
|-
| '''Flavor''' || sweet tart, tart, acid, brisk, aromatic
|-
| '''Flavor notes''' || Highly flavored; strong sweet-tart balance with high acidity; juicy, crisp
|-
| '''Uses''' || fresh eating, pies, sauce, drying, cider, cooking
|-
| '''Keeping quality''' || Very Poor
|-
| '''Size''' || Above Medium
|-
| '''Shape''' || Round
|-
| '''Skin color''' || red, crimson, dark, yellow, green, striped, purple, russet, light, pale
|-
| '''Flesh''' || White crisp
|-
| '''Origin''' || Astrakhan, Russia, c. 1780. Astrakhan region along the lower Volga River, Russia; early 1780s
|}

== Synonyms ==
ASTRACHAN, Abe Lincoln, American Red, Anglese Pippin, Anglesea Pippin, Astracan Rouge, Astrachan, Astrachan Red, Astrachan Rouge, Astrakhan Rouge, Beauty of Wales, Carmin de Juin, Castle Leno Pippin, Deterding's Early, Deterling's Early, Duke of Devon, Hamper's American, Kaiserlicher Calvill, Red Astracan, Red Astrachan, Red Astrakhan, Roter Astrachan, Rother Astrakan, Rother Astrakhan, Rouge Hätive, Rouge d'Astracan, Rouge d'Astrachan, Vermilion d'Ete, Vermillon d'Ete, Waterloo

== Fruit ==
'''Size.''' Medium to large (Warder; Elliott; Beach; Hedrick); pretty large, rather above the middle size (Downing); above medium (Hansen; Budd-Hansen); medium (Bunyard 1920: 2¼ by 2¼); good medium size (Beach narrative); rather large, sometimes quite large (Thomas); large (Hovey: about three inches broad and two and a half deep). Beach and Hedrick note the fruit is not very uniform in size or shape, and that a considerable amount of it is small or otherwise unmarketable.

'''Form.''' Roundish (Downing; Hovey; Hansen; Budd-Hansen), roundish oblate (Beach; Hedrick: round-oblate), oblate (Warder), roundish-oblate slightly approaching conical (Thomas), somewhat conical (Hansen; Budd-Hansen), inclined to conical (Beach), conical (Hedrick), flattened round, fairly regular (Bunyard 1920). Flattened at the base, narrowing little towards the eye (Hovey); a little narrowed towards the eye (Downing); tapering toward the apex (Elliott). Somewhat ribbed; sides a little unequal (Beach; Hedrick: ribbed, sides unequal). Regular (Warder); rather smooth, smooth (Warder; Downing; Hovey; Hansen; Budd-Hansen; Thomas: rather smooth; Hedrick: smooth).

'''Stem/Stalk.''' Long, yellow (Warder); rather short and deeply inserted (Downing); short, about half an inch in length, rather stout, straight, and moderately inserted (Hovey); varying, generally short (Elliott); short (Hansen; Budd-Hansen; Bunyard 1920); one-half to three-fourths of an inch long (Thomas); medium, rather slender, bracted (Beach); slender, bracted (Hedrick).

'''Cavity.''' Shallow, regular (Warder); narrow (Elliott); shallow, regular, obtuse, russeted (Hansen; Budd-Hansen); scaly russet cavity (Bunyard 1920); broad, rather shallow basin [at base for stem] (Hovey); acute to sometimes obtuse, medium to deep, moderately broad, often thinly russeted with greenish russet, usually symmetrical, sometimes lipped (Beach); acute, deep, broad, often russeted with greenish-russet, usually symmetrical, sometimes lipped (Hedrick).

'''Calyx/Eye.''' Eye small, closed (Warder; Hansen; Budd-Hansen: calyx small, closed). Calyx partially closed (Downing); eye rather large, partially closed, and slightly depressed (Hovey); calyx large (Elliott); calyx medium to rather large, open or closed; lobes rather long, moderately broad (Beach); calyx large, open or closed; lobes long, broad (Hedrick); eye closed (Bunyard 1920). Calyx tube long, funnel-form (Beach; Hedrick: calyx-tube long, funnel-form; Hansen, Budd-Hansen: tube funnel-shaped). Stamens median to marginal (Beach); stamens median (Hedrick); stamens marginal or median (Hansen; Budd-Hansen).

'''Basin.''' Medium, regular (Warder); slight, sometimes a little irregular (Downing); shallow, uneven (Elliott); broad, shallow, and somewhat ridged (Hovey); shallow, smooth, sometimes a little irregular (Hansen; Budd-Hansen); small, slightly uneven (Thomas); shallow (Bunyard 1920); shallow, narrow to medium in width, obtuse, wrinkled (Beach); shallow, narrow, obtuse, wrinkled (Hedrick).

'''Skin.''' Surface smooth, mottled, marbled and striped crimson on greenish-yellow; dots minute, heavy bloom (Warder). Almost entirely covered with deep crimson, with sometimes a little greenish yellow in the shade, and occasionally a little russet near the stalk, and covered with a pale white bloom (Downing). Very fair, smooth, rich brilliant crimson on the sunny side, paler in the shade, though occasionally little greenish, sometimes russeted around the stem, dotted with large yellow specks, and covered with a thin whitish bloom (Hovey). Greenish yellow, mostly overspread with rich purplish crimson, a little russet near the stem and a white bloom (Elliott). Surface smooth, greenish yellow, almost entirely covered with mottled, marbled and striped deep crimson, with delicate white bloom, a beautiful fruit; dots minute (Hansen; Budd-Hansen). Yellow, largely covered with light and dark red, presenting a striped appearance, and overspread with bluish bloom (Beach narrative). Yellowish red, some parts being a dark red, causing the apple to present a striped appearance, also overspread with a bluish bloom (Lowther). Nearly whole surface brilliant deep crimson, with a thick bloom like a plum (Thomas). Medium pale yellow with rosy cheek (Bunyard 1901). Deep crimson, unstriped (Bunyard 1920), note this conflicts with the multiple sources describing splashed/striped coloring. Skin rather thin, moderately tender, smooth, pale yellow or greenish often nearly or quite overspread with light and dark red splashed and irregularly striped with deep crimson or carmine and covered with rather heavy distinct bluish bloom; dots numerous, small, whitish (Beach). Skin thin, tender, smooth, pale yellow often overspread with light and dark red, splashed and irregularly striped with deep crimson or carmine and covered with heavy bloom; dots numerous, white (Hedrick). The bloom is repeatedly compared to that of a plum (Downing; Hovey; Thomas), and Hovey emphasizes "the peculiar abruptness of the coloring from the sunny to the shaded side."

'''Flesh and Flavor.''' Yellow, breaking, juicy; flavor quite acid, not rich (Warder). Quite white, crisp, moderately juicy, with an agreeable, rich, acid flavor; good to very good (Downing). White, with occasional stains of pink, fine, crisp, and tender; juice tolerably abundant, subacid and good (Hovey). White, crisp, juicy, acid (Elliott). White, crisp, juicy, brisk acid, good (Hansen; Budd-Hansen). White, rather crisp; good, rather acid, slightly austere (Thomas). Crisp, white, sweet (Bunyard 1920), note the "sweet" descriptor conflicts with the brisk subacid/acid character given by all other sources. White often strongly tinged with red, rather fine, crisp, tender, juicy, brisk subacid, aromatic, sometimes slightly astringent, good to very good (Beach). White often tinged with red, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, brisk subacid, aromatic, sometimes astringent; good to very good (Hedrick).

Quality assessments: First rate for market and cooking, poor for table (Warder); rather acid as a dessert fruit unless fully ripe, but for marketing or cooking it has few equals at its time (Elliott); excellent for cooking, "of second-rate flavor, because of its earliness and very handsome and fair appearance" (Thomas); not very flavory, good for stewing (Bunyard 1901); fit for cooking long before maturity, and when fully ripe, fair for dessert (Hedrick); fit for culinary purposes before becoming fully ripe, desirable for dessert use when fully ripe and mellow (Beach); "one of the handsomest dessert fruits, and its quality is good, but if not taken from the tree as soon as ripe it is liable to become mealy" (Downing); Hovey notes that "although not quite equalling the [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/early-harvest-apple/ Early Harvest], which ripens at about the same season, it is an excellent apple, and one without which no collection can be complete," and adds that "the fruit should be gathered as soon as ripe, for, if allowed to hang upon the tree, it soon becomes mealy."

'''Core and Seeds.''' Core regular, closed; seeds angular, small, dark (Warder). Core small (Elliott); core large, rather close (Hovey); core small, somewhat abaxile; cells closed or somewhat open; core lines clasping or sometimes nearly meeting; carpels broadly ovate or obovate, slightly tufted; seeds small, moderately wide, plump, obtuse (Beach). Core small, abaxile; cells closed or open; core-lines clasping; carpels broadly ovate, tufted; seeds small, wide, plump, obtuse (Hedrick). Core closed, barely clasping; cells open, obovate; seeds many, angular, plump, small (Hansen; Budd-Hansen). Seeds ovate, dark brownish black (Elliott); seeds small, ovate (Hovey).

== Season ==
July (Warder); ripens from last of July to middle of August (Downing); ripe from the middle of August to the beginning of September (Hovey); August (Elliott); a few days after [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/early-harvest-apple/ Early Harvest] (Thomas); late July, early August (Hansen; Budd-Hansen); season Aug–Sept (Bunyard 1901); early August (Bunyard 1920); late July to September (Beach; Hedrick). For home use the season runs from late July to September because the fruit is fit for culinary purposes before it becomes fully ripe (Beach; Lowther). The crop matures unevenly, so to save the fruit it is important to give several pickings (Beach; Lowther). The fruit hangs to the tree pretty well until fully ripe, but unless picked promptly tends to drop and to become mealy (Beach; Downing; Hovey).

== Uses ==
Excellent for cooking and culinary purposes (Warder; Elliott; Thomas; Hedrick; Beach; Lowther; Bunyard 1901: good for stewing). Fair to good for dessert when fully ripe and mellow (Downing; Beach: desirable for dessert use when fully ripe; Hedrick: fair for dessert when fully ripe; Hovey: an excellent apple, almost rivaling [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/early-harvest-apple/ Early Harvest] at the same season). Poor for table use (Warder). Especially valued for home use; not well adapted for shipping to distant markets because the fruit is very perishable; very common in local markets, where supply often exceeds demand and prices are low (Beach; Lowther; Hedrick: cannot be handled or stored, so has small place as a market fruit). One of the handsomest dessert fruits, Downing calls it "a fruit of extraordinary beauty"; Hovey says it would "bear off the palm" for beauty alone among the great number of varieties.

== Illustrations ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="240">
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Astrachan_POM00003025.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Newton, Amanda Almira (Missoula, Missoula, Montana)
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Astrachan_POM00003026.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Newton, Amanda Almira (Richmond, Virginia)
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Astrachan_POM00003028.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Newton, Amanda Almira (Watha, Pender, North Carolina)
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Astrachan_POM00003027.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Passmore, Deborah Griscom (Watha, Pender, North Carolina)
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Astrachan_POM00003022.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Heiges, Bertha (Camden, Kent, Delaware)
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Astrachan_POM00003023.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Heiges, Bertha (Wyoming, Kent, Delaware)
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Astrachan_POM00003024.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Steadman, Royal Charles (Martinsburg, Berkeley, West Virginia)
</gallery>

U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705

== Sources ==
* S.A. Beach, The Apples of New York Vol. 2 (1905). Public domain.
* John A. Warder, American Pomology: Apples (1867). Public domain.
* J.L. Budd & N.E. Hansen, American Horticultural Manual, Part II: Systematic Pomology (1914). Public domain.
* A.J. Downing, Fruits and Fruit Trees of America (1869). Public domain.
* F.R. Elliott, The Western Fruit Book (1865). Public domain.
* U.P. Hedrick, Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits (1922). Public domain.
* Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club, The Herefordshire Pomona (1876–1885). Public domain.
* John J. Thomas, The American Fruit Culturist (1903). Public domain.
* Granville Lowther (ed.), Encyclopedia of Practical Horticulture (1914). Public domain.
* N.E. Hansen, A Study of Northwestern Apples (South Dakota Ag. Exp. Station Bulletin 76, 1902). Public domain.
* E.A. Bunyard, A Handbook of Hardy Fruits (1920). Public domain.
* H.H. Fisher, A Survey of Apple Clones in the United States (USDA ARS, 1963). Public domain.
* C.M. Hovey, The Fruits of America (1852). Public domain.
* USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, U.S. National Agricultural Library.
* 72 historical nursery catalog references (see [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/red-astrachan-apple/ Variety Finder] for the full list).
* '''Full entry with all citations:''' [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/red-astrachan-apple/ Red Astrachan on the Variety Finder]

== Trees of this Variety in Our Collection ==
{{#ask: [[Has variety::Red Astrachan]]
|?Has orchard=Orchard
|?Has field tag=Tag
|?Has condition=Condition
|format=table
|sort=Has orchard, Has field tag
}}

[[Category:Varieties]]
[[Category:Apple Trees]]
[[Category:Preserved at Clarno]]

Jonathan

2026-07-18T05:25:51Z

Bot: Bot: remove 1 issue-marked watercolor(s) (injury/disease illustrations)

{{Variety Infobox
|name=Jonathan
|species=Apple
}}
[[File:USDA_Pomological_Jonathan_POM00000303.jpg|thumb|right|320px|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Passmore, Deborah Griscom (Ulster, New York). Public domain. USDA National Agricultural Library.]]

(King Philip) A beautiful, brilliant, dark red apple of very high flavor and excellent quality; tender, spicy, rich and juicy; an A-1 family sort and unusually profitable when planted commercially. A seedling of Spitzenburg but of much wider adaptability; originated in New York. In the West, Jonathan is the most popular of the older standard varieties and is heavily planted as a filler in orchards of Newtown Pippin and Spitzenburg. CS
'''Read the full entry:''' [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/jonathan-apple/ Jonathan on the Variety Finder] for deeper history, every book quote, and all nursery catalog references.

== Quick Facts ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''Type''' || Apple
|-
| '''Season''' || Mid (Mid-fall (early October))
|-
| '''Flavor''' || sweet tart, aromatic, spicy, mild, subacid
|-
| '''Flavor notes''' || Sweet-tart balance with spicy, aromatic qualities; crisp, juicy flesh
|-
| '''Uses''' || fresh eating, baking, pies, cider, cooking
|-
| '''Keeping quality''' || Excellent
|-
| '''Size''' || Medium
|-
| '''Shape''' || Round
|-
| '''Skin color''' || striped red, red, yellow, striped, crimson, dark, blushed, orange, pink, russet
|-
| '''Flesh''' || White juicy
|-
| '''Origin''' || Ulster County, New York, USA, c. 1826. Woodstock, Ulster County, New York, USA; discovered 1826 as an Esopus Spitzenburg seedling on the farm of Philip Rick
|}

== Synonyms ==
Esopus Spitzenberg (New), Johnathan, King Philip, New Spitzenberg, Philip Rick, Ulster Seedling, Wine, Winesap

== Origin and History ==
Jonathan originated on the farm of Philip Rick at Woodstock, Ulster County, New York (Kingston, N.Y. is the locality given by several sources), with Hedrick dating its origin to about 1800. The first published account is that of Judge J. Buel of Albany in 1826, in his article "Observations on the utility of a Descriptive Catalogue of Garden and Orchard Fruit," addressed to the New York Horticultural Society, where he listed it as "Esopus Spitzenberg (New)" with the synonym "Ulster Seedling." In 1829 Judge Buel sent specimens to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society with the statement that it was "An Esopus Seedling and sometimes called the New Spitzenberg." According to Downing the original tree was still alive in 1845; Stark Bros. (1910) reports the original tree had been growing for over 100 years and was still bearing abundantly. The name Jonathan was assigned by Judge Buel in honor of Jonathan Hasbrouck, by whom Buel's attention was first called to the variety. Buel's first description was based on information from Judge Buell. The variety belongs to the [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/esopus-spitzenberg-apple/ Esopus Spitzenburg] class and is by some considered to be a seedling of that variety; it excels its parent in hardiness, productiveness, health and vigor and is adapted to a wider range of territory, but the fruit is not so large nor does it keep as well as [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/esopus-spitzenberg-apple/ Esopus Spitzenburg]. Jonathan was at first disseminated under various names, all soon superseded by "Jonathan." It has been widely disseminated throughout the apple-growing regions of New York but in none is it grown extensively; it is extensively planted farther west and south, where in many localities it ranks next to [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/ben-davis-apple/ Ben Davis] in commercial importance. Stark Bros. (1910) calls it the leader of all reds in demand and a profit-maker in all parts of the United States. Hansen (1902) and Budd-Hansen (1914) consider Jonathan and [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/grimes-golden-apple/ Grimes Golden] the two best varieties for dessert use in the West. Warder (1867) notes its excellence has caused it to be called particularly "a gentleman's apple, though quite acceptable to the farmers' boys."

USDA ARS (Fisher, 1963) records multiple accessions: one received from Ulster Co., N.Y. held at Kansas State University; additional accessions held jointly at MiB, University of Connecticut, Pennsylvania State University, MiC, Oklahoma State University, and University of Illinois; an accession (station number 189) at University of Vermont; an accession from the Maine Apple Tree Pool at University of Maine; an accession received from Ellwanger & Barry, Rochester, N.Y. in 1888 held at the Geneva, New York station; an accession received from Milton Nurs., N.Y. in 1941 at Oregon State University; an accession from Alvin Marr, Entiat, Wash. (station numbers AP-H-25 and M-723) held at Prosser, Washington and Moxee Quarantine Station, Moxee, Washington; an accession from Inter-State Nurs., Hamburg, Iowa at Iowa State University; an accession from Stark Bros. Nurs. & Greening Nurs. at the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, Wooster (described as an Esopus seedling, fruit small-medium, oblong, deep red, flavor good); and an accession from Sherman Nurs. Co., Charles City, Iowa (station number A4985) held at the U.S. Horticultural Field Station, Cheyenne, Wyoming. The Fisher entry also includes a heading "Jonathan Sports."

== Fruit ==
'''Size:''' Medium, rarely large; sometimes medium to rather small (Beach; Hedrick gives "small, rarely large"). As grown in New York, ordinarily rather small with a comparatively high percentage of uneven and irregular fruit; in the valleys of the Ohio, Mississippi and Missouri and in irrigated mountain districts farther west it attains better size (Beach). Pretty uniform in shape and size.

'''Form:''' Roundish conic to roundish ovate, often somewhat truncate, regular; round or oblong, conic, truncated (Warder); roundish, conical, regular (Elliott); round-ovate or approaching truncate-conical (Thomas); roundish oblong, somewhat conical, truncated, regular (Hansen; Budd-Hansen); round-conic, smoothly and regularly turned (Hedrick).

'''Stem:''' Medium to long, rather slender (Beach; Hedrick); long, slender (Warder; Hansen; Budd-Hansen); rather long, slender (Elliott); slender (Thomas).

'''Cavity:''' Acute to acuminate, deep to very deep, wide, symmetrical, sometimes slightly furrowed (Beach); acute, deep, regular, reddish brown (Warder); open, wide (Elliott); acute, deep, regular, with stellate russet (Hansen; Budd-Hansen); acute, deep to very deep, abrupt, narrow (Hedrick, note Hedrick says narrow whereas Beach says wide).

'''Calyx:''' Small, closed (Beach; Elliott; Hansen; Budd-Hansen; Warder gives "Eye small, closed, green"); segments connivent (Hansen; Budd-Hansen). Calyx tube rather small, funnel-shape or sometimes conical (Beach); funnel-shape (Hedrick); conical (Hansen; Budd-Hansen). Stamens basal to median (Beach; Hansen; Budd-Hansen); basal (Hedrick).

'''Basin:''' Deep to very deep, very abrupt, wide to moderately narrow (Beach); deep, regular, russet-veined (Warder); deep, smooth, very abrupt, rather wide (Hansen; Budd-Hansen); very distinct, rather deep (Thomas). Elliott (1865) gives a conflicting "shallow, slightly furrowed."

'''Skin:''' Thin, tough, smooth, pale bright yellow overlaid with lively red, striped with carmine (Beach; Lowther; Hedrick). When well colored the fruit is almost completely covered with red which deepens to purplish on the sunny side and often shows a beautiful contrasting bit of clear pale yellow about the cavity where a twig or leaf lay in contact with the skin; less highly colored fruit has more of a striped appearance particularly toward the basin (Beach; echoed by Hedrick). Warder gives "very smooth, waxy yellow, wholly covered brilliant dark red, mixed and striped." Elliott: "light yellow ground, mostly overspread, streaked, or stained with rich light red." Thomas: "nearly covered with brilliant stripes of clear red on a pale yellow ground." Hansen and Budd-Hansen: "very smooth, clear light yellow, almost or wholly covered with solid brilliant dark red on sunny side, on shaded side mixed and striped with lighter red." Stark Bros. (1910): "deep red, almost black color on sunny side." Lowther adds that in the irrigated regions it often takes on a deep or dark red color. Prevailing effect attractive lively deep red.

'''Dots:''' Minute, usually inconspicuous (Beach; Hedrick); minute, russet-veined (Warder); few minute white dots (Elliott); distinct, many, minute, whitish (Hansen; Budd-Hansen).

'''Flesh / Flavor:''' Whitish or somewhat yellow, sometimes with a tinge of red, firm, moderately fine, crisp, tender, juicy, very aromatic, sprightly subacid, very good to best (Beach; Lowther; Hedrick gives flesh yellow with tinge of red, firm, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, very aromatic, sprightly subacid, very good to best). Warder: "whitish yellow, tender, breaking, very juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic, equal to Spitzenberg; Quality best." Elliott: "yellowish white, tender, juicy, slightly acid unless fully matured, when it is sub-acid, sprightly." Thomas: "white, very juicy, spicy, sub-acid, moderately rich." Hansen: "white, very tender, juicy, spicy, aromatic, sprightly subacid, best." Budd-Hansen: "white, very tender and juicy, spicy, aromatic, sprightly subacid, quality best." Stark Bros.: "fine-grained, very crisp and juicy ... sub-acid flavor, slightly vinous." Hedrick further describes the flavor as "not especially rich in flavor, but peculiarly sprightly and refreshing, having a distinct and most pleasing aroma."

'''Core / Seeds:''' Core medium or below, axile or nearly so; cells symmetrical but often not uniformly developed, usually closed, sometimes open; core lines clasp the funnel cylinder; carpels rather concave, roundish to roundish cordate, emarginate, smooth (Beach; Hedrick gives "core small, axile"). Warder: "Core medium, roundish-oval, regular, closed, scarcely clasping the eye." Hansen / Budd-Hansen: "Core closed, scarcely clasping; cells obovate." Thomas mentions "core, medium" only briefly via Elliott; Elliott gives "core, medium." Seeds rather large, long, acute to acuminate, dark, numerous (Beach; Hedrick gives "large, long, acute, dark, numerous"); plump, long, pointed (Hansen; Budd-Hansen); numerous, large, angular (Warder); full, abundant, dark brown (Elliott).

== Season ==
November to January or later (Beach); December, January (Warder); December to February (Elliott); November to January, longer in cold storage, with the greatest demand at Christmas (Hedrick); December to March north, late fall and early winter in the south (Hansen); December to March East, late fall and early winter in the South (Budd-Hansen); keeps through winter (Thomas). Lowther: season from September to first of November for picking and marketing depending on the section grown, but may be held in storage until January and February if grown in the colder higher altitudes, Colorado Jonathans seen in Texas markets in prime condition in February, but when grown in the Ozarks could not be marketed later than December. Beach notes that the season is about the same as that of [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/batchelor-apple/ Tompkins King]: it may be kept through the winter, but when held in ordinary storage later than January dark spots are liable to develop in the skin and seriously injure the appearance of the fruit; handled this way its commercial limit is December or early January, while in cold storage its commercial limit varies from January to March or sometimes later. Hedrick echoes the dark-spot problem in either common or cold storage. Stark Bros. (1910) cites the long-bearing original tree as proof of the fruit's keeping qualities. Fisher (1963) records "Nov. to Feb." for the Ellwanger & Barry accession at Geneva.

== Uses ==
Dessert, cooking, etc. (Warder); a very superior dessert fruit, good for all purposes (Warder); excellent quality for either dessert or culinary use (Beach; Lowther). One of the most desirable varieties for the fancy trade at the holiday season (Beach). Considered, with [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/grimes-golden-apple/ Grimes Golden], one of the two best varieties for dessert use in the West (Hansen; Budd-Hansen). Not recommended for general commercial planting in New York but in some places under good management it has proved a profitable variety (Beach); a popular market variety in many sections, both East and West (Thomas); Jonathan leads all reds in demand and is a profit-maker in all parts of the United States (Stark Bros., 1910). Grown best in parts of the Middle West and the Pacific Coast states (Hedrick).

== Illustrations ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="240">
File:USDA_Pomological_Jonathan_POM00000303.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Passmore, Deborah Griscom (Ulster, New York)
File:USDA_Pomological_Jonathan_POM00000226.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham (Talent, Jackson, Oregon)
File:USDA_Pomological_Jonathan_POM00000286.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham (Medford, Jackson, Oregon)
File:USDA_Pomological_Jonathan_POM00000287.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham (Medford, Jackson, Oregon)
File:USDA_Pomological_Jonathan_POM00000288.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham (Hood River, Hood River, Oregon)
File:USDA_Pomological_Jonathan_POM00000357.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham (Yakima, Yakima, Washington)
File:USDA_Pomological_Jonathan_POM00000430.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham (Medford, Jackson, Oregon)
File:USDA_Pomological_Jonathan_POM00000534.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham (Yakima, Yakima, Washington)
File:USDA_Pomological_Jonathan_POM00000536.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham (Hood River, Hood River, Oregon)
File:USDA_Pomological_Jonathan_POM00000304.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Heiges, Bertha (London, United Kingdom)
File:USDA_Pomological_Jonathan_POM00000358.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Heiges, Bertha (Franktown, Washoe, Nevada)
File:USDA_Pomological_Jonathan_POM00000535.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Lower, Elsie E. (El Dorado, California)
</gallery>

U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705

== Sources ==
* S.A. Beach, The Apples of New York Vol. 1 (1905). Public domain.
* Granville Lowther (ed.), Encyclopedia of Practical Horticulture (1914). Public domain.
* John A. Warder, American Pomology: Apples (1867). Public domain.
* H.H. Fisher, A Survey of Apple Clones in the United States (USDA ARS, 1963). Public domain.
* N.E. Hansen, A Study of Northwestern Apples (South Dakota Ag. Exp. Station Bulletin 76, 1902). Public domain.
* J.L. Budd & N.E. Hansen, American Horticultural Manual, Part II: Systematic Pomology (1914). Public domain.
* F.R. Elliott, The Western Fruit Book (1865). Public domain.
* U.P. Hedrick, Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits (1922). Public domain.
* John J. Thomas, The American Fruit Culturist (1903). Public domain.
* USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, U.S. National Agricultural Library.
* 76 historical nursery catalog references (see [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/jonathan-apple/ Variety Finder] for the full list).
* '''Full entry with all citations:''' [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/jonathan-apple/ Jonathan on the Variety Finder]

== Trees of this Variety in Our Collection ==
{{#ask: [[Has variety::Jonathan]]
|?Has orchard=Orchard
|?Has field tag=Tag
|?Has condition=Condition
|format=table
|sort=Has orchard, Has field tag
}}

[[Category:Varieties]]
[[Category:Apple Trees]]

Gravenstein

2026-07-18T05:25:43Z

Bot: Bot: remove 3 issue-marked watercolor(s) (injury/disease illustrations)

{{Variety Infobox
|name=Gravenstein
|species=Apple
}}
[[File:USDA_Pomological_Gravenstein_POM00002052.jpg|thumb|right|320px|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Newton, Amanda Almira (Albermarle, Virginia). Public domain. USDA National Agricultural Library.]]

Streaked and splashed deep red; large, handsome, excellent quality. Especially profitable in the apple-growing sections on the Pacific Coast. The Gravenstein group is one of the most widely planted apple we have ever known and if we think of it that this season we propagated 100,000. NCS
'''Read the full entry:''' [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/gravenstein-apple/ Gravenstein on the Variety Finder] for deeper history, every book quote, and all nursery catalog references.

== Quick Facts ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''Type''' || Apple
|-
| '''Season''' || Early (Early (late July to late August))
|-
| '''Flavor''' || sweet, aromatic, subacid, rich
|-
| '''Flavor notes''' || Sweet-sharp balance; clean, crisp; very aromatic
|-
| '''Uses''' || fresh eating, cooking, sauce, cider, drying
|-
| '''Keeping quality''' || Poor
|-
| '''Size''' || Large
|-
| '''Shape''' || Round
|-
| '''Skin color''' || striped red, yellow, green, red, orange, striped, crimson, blushed, white
|-
| '''Flesh''' || Yellow tender
|-
| '''Origin''' || Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, c. 1650. Disputed; likely Italy or southern Germany, brought to Graefenstein Castle, Schleswig-Holstein (now Denmark) in the 17th century
|}

== Synonyms ==
Banks, Blumen Calvill, Blumen-Calvill, Calleville Grafensteiner, Calville Grafensteiner, Calville de Gravenstein, Diel's Sommer König, Diel's Sommerkonig, Early Congress, German, Graefenstein, Graefensteiner, Grafen-Apfel, Grafenapfel, Grafensteiner, Grave Slige, Grave Slije, Grave Slue, Gravensteiner, Gravenstine, Harryman, King of Pippins, Ohio Nonpareil, Paradies, Paradies A, Paradies Apfel, Pomme Graefenstein, Prinsessin-Apfel, Prinzessin A, Prinzessin Apfel, Ripp Apfel, Ripp. A, Sabine, Sabine of the Flemings, Sommer König, Stroemling, Strohmer, Stromling, Tom Harryman

== Origin and History ==
Gravenstein is an old German (or more broadly North European) apple, considered one of the finest of northern Europe in both appearance and quality. The most-cited origin story, given by Hovey in 1851 and repeated by Beach (1905) and Lowther (1914), is that it was originally found in the Duke of Augustinberg's garden at Gravenstein, in Holstein, with the original tree growing there in the middle of the eighteenth century (c. 1750). A second account holds that it took its name from being found in the garden of the castle of Grafenstein, in Sleswick (Schleswig); Diel reports a further suggestion that it was introduced from Italy. Bunyard (1920) gives the introduction date as "about 1760." Warder (1867) and Budd-Hansen (1914) likewise give Gravenstein, Holstein as the origin. Hovey notes that the variety is undoubtedly of similar origin to the [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/red-astrachan-apple/ Red Astrachan] and [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/duchess-apple/ Duchess of Oldenburg], sharing the peculiar habit of growth, form of foliage, and texture of fruit that distinguish the German apples.

The variety became common throughout Germany and Sweden and was received from there into the English collections (Hovey gives "English collections"; Lowther's 1914 reprint reads "English colonies"). It was described in the Transactions of the London Horticultural Society in 1822 (Hovey, Beach), and Forsyth lists it in 1824 (Beach). Hovey infers that it reached American gardens some time after 1822, since neither Coxe nor Thacher describe it. Captain DeWolfe stated in 1857 that he imported it from Denmark in May 1826; however, a letter from Judge Buel of Albany dated October 11, 1820, published in the New England Farmer, called attention to the importation of Gravenstein and other German apples, trees of which he had presented to members of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, so Hovey concludes Gravenstein was imported to the vicinity of Albany probably prior to 1826. Hedrick (1922) writes that it "has been in America probably a hundred years or more." After these early importations the variety was gradually disseminated through New York state and the rest of the country, though in most localities grown only to a limited extent. By Beach's time (1905), commercial cultivation was gradually increasing in some sections of New York, particularly portions of the Hudson valley, where growers found it desirable for both domestic and foreign markets. Fisher (1963) records U.S. clonal holdings at experiment stations in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York (Geneva), Washington (Moxee, Prosser, Wenatchee), Oregon (Corvallis), and Maryland (Glenn Dale); one accession was received from Ellwanger & Barry, Rochester, N.Y. in 1888 (probably from Germany), another from Milton Nursery, N.Y. in 1941, and PI No. 249923 from New Zealand in 1958.

== Fruit ==
=== Size ===

Large to above medium, fairly uniform in size but not in shape (Beach, Hedrick, Lowther). Bunyard gives it as "medium, 3 by 2¼." Hovey: "Large, about three inches broad, and two and a half deep." Thomas: "Rather large." Central Experimental Farm: "above medium size, a little flattened." Most sources simply say "large" (Warder, Downing, Budd-Hansen, Fisher, Rivers).

=== Form ===

Sources broadly agree on a roundish to oblate, somewhat irregular, angular, broad-based form. Warder: "globular-oblate, angular." Downing: "rather flattened, and a little one-sided or angular, broadest at the base." Beach and Hedrick: "oblate to roundish, somewhat irregular, broad at the base, slightly angular about the basin"; Hedrick adds "oblate or round." Budd-Hansen: "varying from roundish oblong to slightly oblate, angular on the sides, the ribs extending from base to calyx, broadest at the base." Hovey: "Form, roundish, irregular, angular on the sides, broadest at the base and narrowing to the crown, which is large, ribbed, and slightly depressed." Elliott: "roundish flattened, a little irregular, somewhat ribbed, on surface undulating." Thomas: "roundish, slightly oblate, obtusely and obscurely ribbed, surface a little wavy." Bunyard: "rounded square, irregular." Fisher: "oblate to round, somewhat irregular."

=== Stem / Stalk ===

Short to medium, thick or stout (Beach, Hedrick, Budd-Hansen). Downing: "quite short and strong, deeply set." Warder: "short." Hovey: "very short, less than half an inch long, moderately stout, and deeply inserted." Elliott: "short." Thomas: "three-quarters of an inch long." Bunyard: "short, thick in a large deep cavity."

=== Cavity ===

Beach and Hedrick: "rather large, acute to acuminate, moderately deep to deep, rather narrow to broad, irregularly russeted." Warder: "deep, regular." Budd-Hansen: "acute, deep, angular, with trace of stellate russet." Hovey: "medium sized, somewhat uneven." Elliott: "open, deep." Thomas: "rather deep." Bunyard: "large deep." Hedrick repeats: "acute, deep, narrow to broad, irregularly russeted."

=== Calyx / Eye ===

Beach and Hedrick: "Calyx large, open or sometimes closed; lobes large, long, very broad, acute." Downing: "Calyx large, closed... Segments long, irregular, recurved." Warder: "Eye small, closed." Budd-Hansen: "calyx closed; segments long, leafy, large, irregular, slightly reflexed." Hovey: "Eye, large, open, and moderately sunk... segments of the calyx large, broad, somewhat reflexed and woolly." Elliott: "calyx, with open half reflexed segments." Thomas: "calyx large." Bunyard: "Eye, closed in a deep ribbed basin." So sources disagree about whether the eye is open or closed: Warder, Downing, Budd-Hansen, and Bunyard call it closed; Hovey and Elliott call it open; Beach and Hedrick allow both.

=== Basin ===

Beach and Hedrick: "irregular, medium in depth to deep, medium to wide, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, wrinkled"; Hedrick condenses to "wide, obtuse to abrupt, wrinkled." Downing: "wide, deep, rather irregular." Warder: "medium, regular." Budd-Hansen: "angular, rather irregular, ribbed." Hovey: "large, open and furrowed." Elliott: "rather deep, irregular, ribbed." Thomas: "deep, narrow." Bunyard: "deep ribbed."

=== Skin ===

Beach, Hedrick, and Lowther: "thin, tender, slightly rough" (Hedrick: "rough"), greenish-yellow to orange-yellow overlaid with broken stripes of light and dark red; dots few, small, light; prevailing effect yellow striped. Warder: "smooth, yellow, partially covered with mixed and splashed scarlet; Dots rare." Downing: "greenish yellow at first, but becoming yellow, and beautifully dashed and pencilled, and marbled with light and deep red and orange." Budd-Hansen: "bright yellow, beautifully striped, splashed, marbled, and dotted with light and deep bright red and orange on sunny side, polished, becoming unctuous at maturity; dots very obscure, few, gray, minute." Hovey: "fair, smooth, with a greenish yellow ground, of a waxen hue, distinctly streaked and pencilled with pale red, and lightly splashed with crimson, deepest on the sunny side." Elliott: "at first pale greenish, yellow ground, becoming rich yellow, beautifully striped, and splashed with bright red; exposed to sun, red prevails, and becomes of a dark hue, beautiful, few faint light green dots." Central Experimental Farm: "clear yellow, streaked and splashed with orange and red." Thomas: "striped and splashed with bright red on a yellow ground." Fisher: "thin, green-yellow with broken stripes light and dark red."

=== Flesh and Flavor ===

Beach: "yellowish, firm, moderately fine, crisp, moderately tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, aromatic, very good to best." Hedrick (essentially identical): "yellow, firm, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, aromatic; very good to best." Warder: "yellow, fine grained, breaking, juicy; Flavor sub-acid, aromatic; Quality best." Downing: "tender and crisp, with a high-flavored, somewhat aromatic taste. Very good." Budd-Hansen: "yellow, with yellow veinings, tender, juicy, crisp, sprightly subacid, high-flavored, aromatic, excellent." Hovey: "yellowish white, rather coarse, crisp and very tender: Juice, abundant, rich, subacid, sprightly and high flavored." Elliott: "yellowish, crisp, tender, sub-acid, with a peculiar aromatic taste." Thomas: "tender, juicy, very rich, sub-acid or rather acid, high flavored." Central Experimental Farm: "tender, crisp, juicy and of high flavour, quality very good." Bunyard: "crisp, yellowish-white, extremely juicy, of most distinct flavour... fragrant aroma and digestible flesh." Fisher: "yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, subacid, aromatic, very good to best." Hedrick (1922) summarizes the American assessment: "all lovers of fruits value Gravenstein for its crisp, tender, sprightly, juicy, richly-flavored, aromatic apples." Hovey notes the characteristic "refreshing admixture of sweet and acid."

Note on flesh texture: most sources call it tender and crisp; Hovey describes it as "rather coarse" but "crisp and very tender," while Beach calls it "moderately fine"; Hedrick "fine."

=== Core and Seeds ===

Beach and Hedrick: "Core medium in size, strongly abaxile; cells open; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels broadly ovate (broad-ovate), emarginate. Seeds medium to large, medium in width, rather long, plump, acute to acuminate, medium brown" (Hedrick: "seeds large, long, plump, acute, brown"). Beach also gives "Calyx tube large, conical to funnel-shape. Stamens median." Warder: "Core regular, globular, or pointed toward the eye, closed, clasping; Seeds small, pointed." Budd-Hansen: "Core open, large; cells roomy, elliptical or round, abaxile; tube conical or funnel-shaped; stamens basal." Hovey: "Core, rather small, closed: Seeds, medium size." Elliott: "core, large, capsules open, hollow; seeds, ovate pyriform, reddish brown." Sources disagree on core size (Beach/Hedrick "medium"; Budd-Hansen and Elliott "large"; Hovey "rather small"; Warder "regular") and on whether cells are open or closed (Beach/Hedrick/Budd-Hansen/Elliott "open"; Warder/Hovey "closed"). Stamen position also differs (Beach/Hedrick "median"; Budd-Hansen "basal").

== Season ==
Late September till early November (Beach, Hedrick, Fisher). Warder: "August, September." Downing: "September and October." Hovey: "Ripe in September and keeps till December." Elliott: "fit for cooking in August, and eating in September and October." Thomas: "Mid-autumn." Budd-Hansen: "September, October." Central Experimental Farm: "September and October." Rivers: "Sept.–Nov." Bunyard: "October to December." Lowther: "from the last of August to the first of November, depending on the latitude and altitude in which it is grown."

The crop ripens continuously over a period of several weeks and should have two or three pickings (Beach), or "two, three, or perhaps four pickings" (Lowther). Beach: beginning in the latter half of September, it continues in season till early November; when properly handled a considerable portion may remain apparently sound much later, but the color fades and quality and flavor deteriorate. As compared with other varieties of its class it stands up well in good dry cold storage. Hedrick notes that in Nova Scotia "it becomes a winter apple."

Commercial faults (Beach): "There is apt to be considerable loss from the dropping of the fruit before it is properly colored and there is also a rather high percentage of low grade or unmarketable fruit."

== Uses ==
Dual-purpose, table/dessert and culinary/cooking/market. Warder: "table and kitchen." Downing: "A valuable apple for market or cooking, succeeding admirably wherever grown." Beach: "For culinary purposes it is perhaps unexcelled by any variety of its season." Lowther: "good for dessert and has no superior for culinary purposes." Bunyard: "Dessert or culinary... A good dessert apple. Its fragrant aroma and digestible flesh make it deserving of wider cultivation." Hedrick: "a valuable commercial fruit, where it succeeds, by reason of early bearing, productiveness, and good shipping qualities." Fisher: "a dual purpose apple." Often sells at comparatively (or "for") high prices in the markets (Beach, Lowther). Hovey notes it comes in at a season when fine varieties are scarce, succeeding the [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/porter-apple/ Porter] and supplying the table throughout October.

== Illustrations ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="240">
File:USDA_Pomological_Gravenstein_POM00002052.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Newton, Amanda Almira (Albermarle, Virginia)
File:USDA_Pomological_Gravenstein_POM00002053.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Newton, Amanda Almira (Truro, Canada)
File:USDA_Pomological_Gravenstein_POM00002050.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Arnold, Mary Daisy (Arlington, Virginia)
File:USDA_Pomological_Gravenstein_POM00002051.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Arnold, Mary Daisy (Arlington, Virginia)
File:USDA_Pomological_Gravenstein_POM00002054.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Lower, Elsie E. (Missoula, Missoula, Montana)
</gallery>

U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705

== Sources ==
* S.A. Beach, The Apples of New York Vol. 2 (1905). Public domain.
* John A. Warder, American Pomology: Apples (1867). Public domain.
* J.L. Budd & N.E. Hansen, American Horticultural Manual, Part II: Systematic Pomology (1914). Public domain.
* E.A. Bunyard, A Handbook of Hardy Fruits (1920). Public domain.
* A.J. Downing, Fruits and Fruit Trees of America (1869). Public domain.
* Granville Lowther (ed.), Encyclopedia of Practical Horticulture (1914). Public domain.
* H.H. Fisher, A Survey of Apple Clones in the United States (USDA ARS, 1963). Public domain.
* U.P. Hedrick, Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits (1922). Public domain.
* F.R. Elliott, The Western Fruit Book (1865). Public domain.
* John J. Thomas, The American Fruit Culturist (1903). Public domain.
* C.M. Hovey, The Fruits of America (1852). Public domain.
* USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, U.S. National Agricultural Library.
* 94 historical nursery catalog references (see [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/gravenstein-apple/ Variety Finder] for the full list).
* '''Full entry with all citations:''' [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/gravenstein-apple/ Gravenstein on the Variety Finder]

== Trees of this Variety in Our Collection ==
{{#ask: [[Has variety::Gravenstein]]
|?Has orchard=Orchard
|?Has field tag=Tag
|?Has condition=Condition
|format=table
|sort=Has orchard, Has field tag
}}

[[Category:Varieties]]
[[Category:Apple Trees]]

Baldwin

2026-07-18T05:25:37Z

Bot: Bot: remove 5 issue-marked watercolor(s) (injury/disease illustrations)

{{Variety Infobox
|name=Baldwin
|species=Apple
|at_clarno=yes
|clarno_year=2025
}}
[[File:USDA_Pomological_Baldwin_POM00001302.jpg|thumb|right|320px|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Newton, Amanda Almira (Belding, Ionia, Michigan). Public domain. USDA National Agricultural Library.]]

Large, roundish, narrowing a little to the eye; skin yellow in the shade, but nearly covered and striped with red and orange in the sun; flesh crisp, juicy and subacid, rich; tree a vigorous grower and bears abundantly; succeeds well in Western Maryland and the mountains of Virginia, but drops its fruit too early in or near the tidewater section. October to January, later in the mountains.
'''Read the full entry:''' [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/baldwin-apple/ Baldwin on the Variety Finder] for deeper history, every book quote, and all nursery catalog references.

== Quick Facts ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''Type''' || Apple
|-
| '''Season''' || Late (Late fall (October to November))
|-
| '''Flavor''' || sweet, vinous, subacid, aromatic, rich
|-
| '''Flavor notes''' || Mild acidity with vinous sweetness; light rose-like aroma; crunchy, juicy flesh
|-
| '''Uses''' || fresh eating, cider, pies, baking, cooking, drying, preserves
|-
| '''Keeping quality''' || Excellent
|-
| '''Size''' || Above Medium
|-
| '''Shape''' || Round
|-
| '''Skin color''' || striped red, red, yellow, green, orange, crimson, russet, striped, blushed, dark
|-
| '''Flesh''' || Yellow crisp
|-
| '''Origin''' || Massachusetts, USA, c. 1740. Wilmington, Massachusetts, USA; discovered around 1740 as a chance seedling on John Ball's farm
|}

== Synonyms ==
Baldwin Rosenapfel, Baldwin's Rother Pippin, Butters, Calville Butter, Felch, Late Baldwin, Pecker, Red Baldwin, Red Baldwin Pippin, Steele's Red Winter, Woodpecker

== Origin and History ==
The Baldwin originated about 1740 as a chance seedling on the farm of John Ball in Wilmington, Middlesex County, Massachusetts (about three miles southeast of Lowell, near Lowell). Ball had purchased the then-uncultivated farm around 1740, and not long after, the variety came up in a lane leading from the house to the barn. For about 40 years its cultivation was confined to the immediate neighborhood. The farm eventually came into the possession of a Mr. Butters, who gave the apple the name Woodpecker because the tree was frequented by woodpeckers; it was long known locally as the Woodpecker, Pecker, or Butters. Deacon Samuel Thompson, a surveyor of Woburn, brought it to the attention of Col. Baldwin of the same town, who at once perceived its excellence, propagated it, and more widely introduced it in Eastern Massachusetts as early as 1784; from his interest it came to be called the Baldwin. In 1817 the original tree was still alive but it perished between 1817 and 1832; a monument to the Baldwin apple now marks the location.

Coxe (1817) makes no mention of it. Thacher's ''American Orchardist'' (Boston, 1832) gives it brief but favorable mention. Floy's American edition of Lindley's ''Guide to the Orchard'' (New York, 1833) does not mention it, but the appendix to the 1846 edition describes it and notes it is "well known, highly esteemed, and extensively cultivated" in New England. Kenrick's ''New American Orchardist'' (Boston, 1833) called it the most popular apple in the vicinity of Boston, raised in large quantities for the market. Hovey (1852) reported orchards near Boston producing about a thousand barrels per bearing year, with as many as fifteen hundred barrels sent to the East Indies in a single season. Prior to 1850 the Baldwin was little known in New York state, but with the extension of commercial orcharding it rapidly came into supremacy among the commercial apples of New York. Downing groups its flavor and general characteristics with the [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/esopus-spitzenberg-apple/ Esopus Spitzenberg] family. The Fisher (1963) USDA survey records numerous indexed clonal entries from Maine, Geneva NY (D. S. T. Smith Co., 1897), Kelly Bros. Nursery (Dansville, NY, 1952; station number 147), Willis Nursery (Ottawa, Kansas; chance seedling; station number 4341323), and additional entries from experiment stations in Connecticut, Michigan, Illinois, and elsewhere.

== Fruit ==
'''Size:''' Large, sometimes very large; usually above medium; pretty uniform in size. Hovey gives about two and a half inches deep and three broad. Warder calls it large.

'''Form:''' Roundish inclined to conic, varying to roundish oblong; often faintly ribbed or somewhat irregular but symmetrical and fairly uniform in shape. Downing and Elliott describe it as roundish, narrowing a little to the eye/calyx. Hovey: roundish, largest about the middle, narrowing little to the eye. Thomas: rather large, roundish, with more or less of a rounded taper towards the apex. Warder describes it as frequently round, sometimes almost conical, but generally inclined to be flattened, classed by measurement as oblate; large specimens in southern latitudes are very apt to be unequal and lop-sided, with axis inclined.

'''Stem:''' Medium to long; usually about three-fourths of an inch (Downing, Elliott, Thomas give half to three-fourths inch), rather slender for so large a fruit (Downing, Thomas, Elliott), though Warder calls it sufficiently stout, often curved or inclined. Hovey: rather slender, curved, and obliquely inserted.

'''Cavity:''' Acute, medium to rather deep, rather broad; often somewhat furrowed, sometimes compressed, sometimes lipped; often russeted with outspreading rays of russet or deep green. Downing: even, moderately deep. Warder: wide, regular or wavy, generally brown. Elliott: deep. Hovey: regular and moderately deep, blotched with russet around the stem, sometimes extending in irregular tracings over the base of the fruit.

'''Calyx / Eye:''' Calyx small to rather large; closed or somewhat open; lobes long, acute to acuminate. Calyx tube conical, rather short and wide with projection of fleshy pistil point into its base. Stamens basal. Hovey: segments of the calyx long and woolly. Downing: closed. Warder: eye large and open, from the shortness of the calyx, on which account the variety is considered very subject to the attacks of the codling-moth.

'''Basin:''' Abrupt, narrow to moderately wide; often distinctly furrowed; slightly corrugated; the plaited or folded marks are quite characteristic (Warder). Downing: rather narrow, plaited. Elliott: rather narrow, plaited. Thomas: narrow, slightly plaited. Hovey: rather deep and slightly plaited or furrowed (calling the basin a "hollow"). Warder: deep, often abrupt and narrow, generally waved, folded or plaited.

'''Skin:''' Tough, smooth, light yellow or greenish, blushed and mottled with bright red, indistinctly striped with deep carmine; the prevailing effect is bright red. Lowther adds: sometimes approaching a deep red. Flecks of russet, or even broken russet lines, may occasionally be seen on the base of the fruit. Downing: yellow in the shade, but nearly covered and striped with crimson, red, and orange in the sun, dotted with a few russet dots, and with radiating streaks of russet about the stalk. Hovey: fair, smooth, glossy, bright yellow in the shade, but nearly covered with deep orange red approaching scarlet, indistinctly striped with crimson. Warder: rich yellow where shaded, exposed parts quite covered with deep red so as to conceal the ground color and obscure stripes of deeper red; frequently marked with veined russet overlying or excluding the red. The skin is firm and thick, allowing the fruit to stand handling and shipping well, a key reason it is the standard for both home and export markets.

'''Dots:''' Gray or whitish, depressed; small and numerous toward the basin, more scattering, conspicuous, large, irregular, or elongated toward the cavity. Warder: minute, yellow, or gray where the red prevails. Hovey: prominent grayish specks, thickest near the crown.

'''Flesh / Flavor:''' Yellowish (Downing: yellowish white; Hovey: yellowish; Lowther: yellow), firm, moderately coarse, crisp, rather tender, juicy to very juicy, agreeably subacid, sprightly, somewhat aromatic; good to very good. Downing characterizes the flavor as "that agreeable mingling of the saccharine and acid which constitutes a rich, high flavor. Very good." Hovey: juice abundant, sugary, with a delicious admixture of acid, rich, brisk, and high-flavored. Thomas: rich, sub-acid flavor. Warder: yellow, breaking, frequently coarse-grained, juicy, sub-acid, rich; some northern specimens are fine-grained and almost first quality, while those from the South are coarse, poor, and scarcely second-rate for table use though good for cooking. Hedrick: quality, while not of the best, is good. Beach notes "Baldwin Spot", brown flecks in the flesh, a physiological defect more apt to appear in overgrown than in medium-sized fruit, not caused by insects or fungi, with no known remedy.

'''Core / Seeds:''' Core medium or below, nearly axile, closed or partly open; core lines meeting. Carpels roundish ovate, emarginate, somewhat tufted. Warder: core medium, regular, closed, meeting, sometimes clasping the eye. Hovey: core medium size, very close. Elliott: core small, compact; capsules ovate hollow. Seeds variable, often abortive; when normally developed they are large, long, acute, and dark brown. Warder: numerous, long, angular, imperfect. Hovey: rather large and pointed, but mostly abortive. Elliott: long ovate, pyriform.

== Season ==
A winter apple. November to March or April in common storage; to May or later in cold storage (Beach). Hovey: ripe in December, keeps in excellent condition till May or June. Downing: ripe November to March, in perfection in January. Hedrick: November to March or April. Warder: October to January, occasionally keeping later. Elliott: December to March. Thomas: ripens through winter. Lowther: March or April; November to December in the Northwest; later in cold storage. Beach and Downing both note that when grown in southern latitudes Baldwin becomes a fall or early winter sort and loses sprightliness; conversely, summer-ripening varieties originating north are improved when grown south.

== Uses ==
Well adapted for general market, dessert, and culinary uses. Pre-eminently the leading variety in the commercial orchards of New York, New England, certain regions in Southern Canada, the southern peninsula of Michigan, and on the clay soils of Northern Ohio; grown more or less from Colorado to Washington; does fairly well in the Pacific Northwest but cannot compete there with the Northeastern states (Lowther). One of the leading apples used for export trade and one of the principal varieties handled in cold storage. Yields a pretty uniform grade of fruit with a low percentage of culls when kept free of injurious insects and fungous diseases. Baldwins unsuitable for barreling supply a large part of the evaporator stock in New York state and are used to some extent by canneries. In the South and Southwest it is undesirable because it ripens too early to be a good winter variety and does not attain as high quality. Considered very subject to codling-moth attack on account of its short calyx and open eye (Warder).

== Illustrations ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="240">
File:USDA_Pomological_Baldwin_POM00001302.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Newton, Amanda Almira (Belding, Ionia, Michigan)
File:USDA_Pomological_Baldwin_POM00001447.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Newton, Amanda Almira (New York)
File:USDA_Pomological_Baldwin_POM00001448.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Newton, Amanda Almira (Hood River, Hood River, Oregon)
File:USDA_Pomological_Baldwin_POM00001362.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Passmore, Deborah Griscom (Athens, Bradford, Pennsylvania)
File:USDA_Pomological_Baldwin_POM00001296.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham (Stuyvesant Falls, Columbia, New York)
File:USDA_Pomological_Baldwin_POM00001298.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham (Seymour, New Haven, Connecticut)
File:USDA_Pomological_Baldwin_POM00001363.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham (Syracuse, Onondaga, New York)
File:USDA_Pomological_Baldwin_POM00001364.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Schutt, Ellen Isham (Corvallis, Benton, Oregon)
File:USDA_Pomological_Baldwin_POM00001365.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Heiges, Bertha (Phelps, Ontario, New York)
File:USDA_Pomological_Baldwin_POM00001299.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Arnold, Mary Daisy (New Bedford, Bristol, Massachusetts)
File:USDA_Pomological_Baldwin_POM00001354.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Arnold, Mary Daisy (Providence, Providence, Rhode Island)
File:USDA_Pomological_Baldwin_POM00001355.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Arnold, Mary Daisy (Athens, Bradford, Pennsylvania)
File:USDA_Pomological_Baldwin_POM00001449.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Arnold, Mary Daisy (New Bedford, Bristol, Massachusetts)
File:USDA_Pomological_Baldwin_POM00001558.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Arnold, Mary Daisy (Athens, Bradford, Pennsylvania)
File:USDA_Pomological_Baldwin_POM00001356.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Steadman, Royal Charles (Belding, Ionia, Michigan)
File:USDA_Pomological_Baldwin_POM00001357.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Steadman, Royal Charles (Belding, Ionia, Michigan)
File:USDA_Pomological_Baldwin_POM00001358.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Steadman, Royal Charles (Belding, Ionia, Michigan)
File:USDA_Pomological_Baldwin_POM00001359.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Steadman, Royal Charles (Belding, Ionia, Michigan)
File:USDA_Pomological_Baldwin_POM00001360.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Steadman, Royal Charles (Arlington, Virginia)
File:USDA_Pomological_Baldwin_POM00001361.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Steadman, Royal Charles (Amherst, Hampshire, Massachusetts)
File:USDA_Pomological_Baldwin_POM00001450.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor by Steadman, Royal Charles (Amherst, Hampshire, Massachusetts)
</gallery>

U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705

== USDA Bulletin 56 Notes ==
'''USDA name:''' Baldwin

'''USDA citations:''' NEF'26

* The syn. Mahaska probably erroneous.

== Sources ==
* S.A. Beach, The Apples of New York Vol. 1 (1905). Public domain.
* John A. Warder, American Pomology: Apples (1867). Public domain.
* A.J. Downing, Fruits and Fruit Trees of America (1869). Public domain.
* H.H. Fisher, A Survey of Apple Clones in the United States (USDA ARS, 1963). Public domain.
* F.R. Elliott, The Western Fruit Book (1865). Public domain.
* Granville Lowther (ed.), Encyclopedia of Practical Horticulture (1914). Public domain.
* U.P. Hedrick, Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits (1922). Public domain.
* John J. Thomas, The American Fruit Culturist (1903). Public domain.
* C.M. Hovey, The Fruits of America (1852). Public domain.
* USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, U.S. National Agricultural Library.
* 85 historical nursery catalog references (see [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/baldwin-apple/ Variety Finder] for the full list).
* '''Full entry with all citations:''' [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/baldwin-apple/ Baldwin on the Variety Finder]

== Trees of this Variety in Our Collection ==
{{#ask: [[Has variety::Baldwin]]
|?Has orchard=Orchard
|?Has field tag=Tag
|?Has condition=Condition
|format=table
|sort=Has orchard, Has field tag
}}

[[Category:Varieties]]
[[Category:Apple Trees]]
[[Category:Preserved at Clarno]]

All Trees

2026-07-02T18:08:12Z

Bot: Fill in known varieties for Cyrus Tree 1 (Purple Siberian Crab), 5 and 6 (Yellow Transparent)

__NOTOC__

== All Trees Map ==

This map shows all trees with known coordinates. Click on a marker to see the tree details.

{{#ask: [[Category:Trees]] [[Has coordinates::+]]
|?Has coordinates
|?Has variety
|format=leaflet
|height=600px
|width=100%
|limit=9999
|zoom=10
|fullscreen=on
|layers=OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap, Esri.WorldImagery
}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! Tree !! Photo !! Orchard !! Species !! Variety !! Field Tag !! Diameter (in) !! Crown (ft) !! Height (ft) !! Condition !! Clarno
|-
| [[5 Tree Tree 101|#101]] || [[File:Tree_5_Tree_101.jpg|50px]] || [[5 Tree]] || Apple || [[Yellow Bellflower]] || 101 || 12 || 13 || 14 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Clarno Arboretum Tree 0|#0]] || || [[Clarno Arboretum]] || Apple || [[Yellow Transparent]] || || || || || ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 1|#1]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_1.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Purple Siberian Crab]] || 1 || 18 || 11 || 27 || Good ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 4|#4]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_4.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Yellow Transparent]] || 4 || 8 || 8 || 14 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 5|#5]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_5.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Yellow Transparent]] || 5 || 12 || 13 || 11 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 6|#6]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_6.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Yellow Transparent]] || 6 || 11 || 15 || 14 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 7|#7]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_7.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || Unique || 7 || 6 || 10 || 11 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 8|#8]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_8.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Yellow Transparent]] || 8 || 13 || 15 || 11 || Good ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 9|#9]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_9.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Yellow Transparent]] || 9 || 14 || 14 || 10 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 10|#10]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_10.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Yellow Transparent]] || 10 || 8 || 12 || 11 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 11|#11]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_11.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Yellow Transparent]] || 11 || 16 || 20 || 16 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 12|#12]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_12.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Yellow Transparent]] || 12 || 10 || 15 || 10 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 13|#13]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_13.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || Unique || 13 || 20 || 20 || 20 || Good ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 14|#14]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_14.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || Unique || 14 || 10 || 8 || 10 || Poor || Yes
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 15|#15]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_15.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Blue Pearmain]] || 15 || 16 || 15 || 16 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 16|#16]] || || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || || 16 || 11 || 7 || 10 || Dead ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 17|#17]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_17.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Northern Spy]] || 17 || 20 || 24 || 22 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 19|#19]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_19.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Ohio Pippin]] || 19 || 19 || 20 || 13 || Poor || Yes
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 20|#20]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_20.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Red Astrachan]] || 20 || 8 || 10 || 10 || Poor || Yes
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 21|#21]] || || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Monmouth Pippin]] || 21 || 19 || 13 || 17 || Fair || Yes
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 22|#22]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_22.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Duchess of Oldenburg]] || 22 || 11 || 12 || 15 || Fair || Yes
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 23|#23]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_23.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || Unique || 23 || 16 || 20 || 22 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 24|#24]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_24.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Yellow Transparent]] || 24 || 9 || 13 || 12 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 25|#25]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_25.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || Unique || 25 || 7 || 9 || 9 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Cyrus #1 Tree 1|#1]] || || [[Cyrus #1]] || Apple || || 1 || || || || ||
|-
| [[Cyrus #5 Tree 5|#5]] || || [[Cyrus #5]] || Apple || [[Yellow Transparent]] || 5 || || || || ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Barn Tree 114|#114]] || || [[Cyrus Barn]] || Pear || [[pear probably]] || 114 || 9 || 10 || 14 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Barn Tree 115|#115]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_Barn_115.jpg|50px]] || [[Cyrus Barn]] || Pear || [[pear probably]] || 115 || 13 || 24 || 30 || Good ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Barn Tree 116|#116]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_Barn_116.jpg|50px]] || [[Cyrus Barn]] || Pear || [[pear probably]] || 116 || 12 || 18 || 20 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Barn Tree 117|#117]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_Barn_117.jpg|50px]] || [[Cyrus Barn]] || Pear || [[pear probably]] || 117 || 15 || 5 || 6 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Barn Tree 118|#118]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_Barn_118.jpg|50px]] || [[Cyrus Barn]] || Pear || [[pear probably]] || 118 || 9 || 8 || 8 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Horse Camp Tree 26|#26]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus Horse Camp_26.jpg|50px]] || [[Cyrus Horse Camp]] || Apple || [[UAF5]] || 26 || 11 || 14 || 17 || Fair || Yes
|-
| [[Cyrus Horse Camp Tree 27|#27]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus Horse Camp_27.jpg|50px]] || [[Cyrus Horse Camp]] || Apple || Unique || 27 || 4 || 5 || 8 || Poor || Yes
|-
| [[Cyrus Horse Camp Tree 28|#28]] || || [[Cyrus Horse Camp]] || Apple || || 28 || 20 || || || Dead ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Horse Camp Tree 29|#29]] || || [[Cyrus Horse Camp]] || Apple || || 29 || 16 || 16 || 20 || Dead ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Horse Camp Tree 30|#30]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus Horse Camp_30.jpg|50px]] || [[Cyrus Horse Camp]] || Apple || Unique || 30 || 16 || 21 || 21 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Horse Camp Tree 31|#31]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus Horse Camp_31.jpg|50px]] || [[Cyrus Horse Camp]] || Apple || Unique || 31 || 18 || 22 || 18 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Horse Camp Tree 32|#32]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus Horse Camp_32.jpg|50px]] || [[Cyrus Horse Camp]] || Apple || Unique || 32 || 14 || 12 || 15 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Horse Camp Tree 33|#33]] || || [[Cyrus Horse Camp]] || Apple || Unique || 33 || 7 || 9 || 22 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Horse Camp Tree 34|#34]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus Horse Camp_34.jpg|50px]] || [[Cyrus Horse Camp]] || Apple || [[Red Astrachan]] || 34 || 23 || 22 || 18 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Horse Camp Tree 35|#35]] || || [[Cyrus Horse Camp]] || Apple || [[Red Astrachan]] || 35 || 18 || 20 || 21 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Horse Camp Tree 36|#36]] || || [[Cyrus Horse Camp]] || Apple || || 36 || || || || Dead ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Horse Camp #2 Tree 0|#0]] || || [[Cyrus Horse Camp #2]] || Apple || [[Red Astrachan]] || || || || || ||
|-
| [[East Springer Tree 108|#108]] || [[File:Tree_East_Springer_108.jpg|50px]] || [[East Springer]] || Apple || [[Red Astrachan]] || 108 || 28 || 15 || 14 || Poor ||
|-
| [[El Rancho Tree 1|#1]] || || [[El Rancho]] || || Unknown || 1 || || || || ||
|-
| [[El Rancho Tree 3|#3]] || || [[El Rancho]] || Apple || [[Gravenstein]] || 3 || || || || ||
|-
| [[El Rancho Tree 4|#4]] || || [[El Rancho]] || Apple || [[Red Delicious]] || 4 || || || || ||
|-
| [[El Rancho Tree 2|#2]] || [[File:El Rancho Tree 2.jpg|50px]] || [[El Rancho]] || Apple || || 2 || || || || ||
|-
| [[El Rancho Tree 5|#5]] || || [[El Rancho]] || Apple || [[Yellow Transparent]] || || || || || ||
|-
| [[FlyMon Mill site Tree 0|#0]] || || [[FlyMon Mill site]] || Apple || || || || || || || Yes
|-
| [[FlyMon Mill site Tree 1|#1]] || || [[FlyMon Mill site]] || Apple || || || || || || ||
|-
| [[FlyMon Mill site Tree 2|#2]] || || [[FlyMon Mill site]] || Apple || || || || || || ||
|-
| [[Grandview Tree 1|#1]] || || [[Grandview]] || Apple || [[Gravenstein]] || 1 || || || || ||
|-
| [[Hattie Cyrus Tree 1|#1]] || || [[Hattie Cyrus]] || Apple || || 1 || || || || Dead ||
|-
| [[Hattie Cyrus Tree 2|#2]] || || [[Hattie Cyrus]] || Apple || || 2 || || || || Dead ||
|-
| [[Hattie Cyrus Tree 4|#4]] || || [[Hattie Cyrus]] || Apple || || 4 || || || || Dead ||
|-
| [[Hattie Cyrus Tree 5|#5]] || || [[Hattie Cyrus]] || Apple || || 5 || || || || Dead ||
|-
| [[Hattie Cyrus Tree 149|#149]] || || [[Hattie Cyrus]] || Apple || || 149 || || || || Poor ||
|-
| [[Hattie Cyrus Tree 150|#150]] || || [[Hattie Cyrus]] || Apple || || 150 || || || || Good ||
|-
| [[Haystack Tree 109|#109]] || [[File:Tree_Haystack_109.jpg|50px]] || [[Haystack]] || Apple || [[Northern Spy]] || 109 || 15 || 10 || 15 || Poor || Yes
|-
| [[Hollinshead Tree 1|#1]] || [[File:Tree_Hollinshead_1.jpg|50px]] || [[Hollinshead]] || Apple || || 1 || || || || ||
|-
| [[Hollinshead Tree 2|#2]] || [[File:Tree_Hollinshead_2.jpg|50px]] || [[Hollinshead]] || Apple || || 2 || || || || ||
|-
| [[Hollinshead Tree 3|#3]] || [[File:Tree_Hollinshead_3.jpg|50px]] || [[Hollinshead]] || Apple || || 3 || || || || ||
|-
| [[Lithgow Springs Tree 102|#102]] || [[File:Tree_Lithgow_Springs_102.jpg|50px]] || [[Lithgow Springs]] || Apple || [[Baldwin]] || 102 || 30 || 35 || 36 || Good ||
|-
| [[Lithgow Springs Tree 103|#103]] || [[File:Tree_Lithgow_Springs_103.jpg|50px]] || [[Lithgow Springs]] || Apple || [[Baldwin]] || 103 || 27 || 32 || 40 || Good ||
|-
| [[Lithgow Springs Tree 104|#104]] || [[File:Tree_Lithgow_Springs_104.jpg|50px]] || [[Lithgow Springs]] || Apple || [[McIntosh]] || 104 || 27 || 20 || 25 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Lithgow Springs Tree 105|#105]] || [[File:Tree_Lithgow_Springs_105.jpg|50px]] || [[Lithgow Springs]] || Apple || [[McIntosh]] || 105 || 15 || 10 || 20 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Lithgow Springs Tree 106|#106]] || [[File:Tree_Lithgow_Springs_106.jpg|50px]] || [[Lithgow Springs]] || Apple || [[Esopus Spitzenburg]] || 106 || 20 || 8 || 8 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Lithgow Springs Tree 107|#107]] || [[File:Tree_Lithgow_Springs_107.jpg|50px]] || [[Lithgow Springs]] || Pear || [[pear]] || 107 || 8 || 15 || 18 || Good ||
|-
| [[Lithgow Springs Tree 119|#119]] || [[File:Tree_Lithgow_Springs_119.jpg|50px]] || [[Lithgow Springs]] || Plum || [[plum or poor DNA]] || 119 || 6 || 12 || 14 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 68|#68]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_68.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Northern Spy]] || 68 || 24 || 20 || 25 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 69|#69]] || [[File:Tree McCoin Lower 69.JPG|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || Unique || 69 || 22 || 30 || 33 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 70|#70]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_70.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Alexander]] || 70 || 12 || 15 || 19 || Poor ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 71|#71]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_71.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Alexander]] || 71 || 13 || 15 || 20 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 72|#72]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_72.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Missouri Pippin]] || 72 || 13 || 18 || 24 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 73|#73]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_73.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || Unique || 73 || 29 || 30 || 28 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 74|#74]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_74.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Gloria Mundi]] || 74 || 27 || 23 || 14 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 75|#75]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_75.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Blue Pearmain]] || 75 || 13 || 18 || 26 || Fair || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 76|#76]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_76.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Gloria Mundi]] || 76 || 19 || 28 || 31 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 77|#77]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_77.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Gloria Mundi]] || 77 || 24 || 35 || 31 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 78|#78]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_78.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Gloria Mundi]] || 78 || 25 || 30 || 32 || Good || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 79|#79]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_79.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Alexander]] || 79 || 10 || 8 || 18 || Poor ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 80|#80]] || [[File:Tree McCoin Lower 80.JPG|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Northern Spy]] || 80 || 16 || 18 || 21 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 81|#81]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_81.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || Unique || 81 || 15 || 12 || 20 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 82|#82]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_82.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Baldwin]] || 82 || 27 || 30 || 40 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 83|#83]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_83.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Yellow Bellflower]] || 83 || 21 || 17 || 22 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 84|#84]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_84.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Yellow Bellflower]] || 84 || 17 || 18 || 19 || Fair || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 85|#85]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_85.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Baldwin]] || 85 || 11 || 16 || 22 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 86|#86]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_86.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || Unique || 86 || 10 || 15 || 16 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 87|#87]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_87.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Alexander]] || 87 || 19 || 20 || 27 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 88|#88]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_88.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Alexander]] || 88 || 17 || 15 || 15 || Fair || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 89|#89]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_89.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Baldwin]] || 89 || 18 || 20 || 25 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 90|#90]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_90.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Baldwin]] || 90 || 23 || 20 || 21 || Good || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 91|#91]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_91.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Wealthy]] || 91 || 11 || 15 || 19 || Fair || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 92|#92]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_92.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Wealthy]] || 92 || 12 || 12 || 18 || Poor ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 93|#93]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_93.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Wealthy]] || 93 || 13 || 10 || 12 || Poor ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 94|#94]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_94.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Wealthy]] || 94 || 12 || 12 || 17 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 95|#95]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_95.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Wealthy]] || 95 || 14 || 20 || 21 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 96|#96]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_96.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Wealthy]] || 96 || 11 || 18 || 22 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 97|#97]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_97.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Wealthy]] || 97 || 13 || 20 || 21 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 100|#100]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_100.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[plum or poor DNA]] || 100 || 4 || 8 || 12 || Poor ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 37|#37]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_37.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || || 37 || 19 || 21 || 20 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 38|#38]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_38.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || || 38 || 17 || 18 || 17 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 39|#39]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_39.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || || 39 || 22 || 19 || 22 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 40|#40]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_40.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[White Winter Pearmain]] || 40 || 24 || 20 || 15 || Poor ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 41|#41]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_41.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[White Winter Pearmain]] || 41 || 12 || 10 || 13 || Poor || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 42|#42]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_42.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Lawver]] || 42 || 18 || 22 || 20 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 43|#43]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_43.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Lawver]] || 43 || 20 || 25 || 24 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 44|#44]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_44.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Lawver]] || 44 || 19 || 30 || 28 || Good || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 45|#45]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_45.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Lawver]] || 45 || 24 || 22 || 15 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 46|#46]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_46.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Fameuse]] || 46 || 11 || 18 || 18 || Good || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 47|#47]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_47.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Fameuse]] || 47 || 15 || 10 || 9 || Poor ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 48|#48]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_48.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Esopus Spitzenburg]] || 48 || 14 || 18 || 18 || Poor || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 49|#49]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_49.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Red Astrachan]] || 49 || 21 || 31 || 18 || Good || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 50|#50]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_50.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Yellow Newtown/Newtown Pippin]] || 50 || 10 || 3 || 11 || Poor ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 51|#51]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_51.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || Unique || 51 || 18 || 12 || 10 || Dead ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 52|#52]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_52.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Red Astrachan]] || 52 || 18 || 18 || 12 || Poor ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 53|#53]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_53.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || Unique || 53 || 11 || 20 || 21 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 54|#54]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_54.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Pear || || 54 || 5 || 12 || 12 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 55|#55]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_55.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Pear || || 55 || 12 || 20 || 24 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 56|#56]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_56.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Pear || || 56 || 5 || || || Dead ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 57|#57]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_57.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Pear || || 57 || 6 || 12 || 12 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 58|#58]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_58.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Pear || || 58 || 7 || 15 || 21 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 59|#59]] || || [[McCoin Upper]] || Pear || || 59 || 10 || 12 || 18 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 60|#60]] || || [[McCoin Upper]] || Pear || || 60 || 10 || 12 || 18 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 61|#61]] || || [[McCoin Upper]] || Pear || || 61 || 10 || 12 || 18 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 62|#62]] || || [[McCoin Upper]] || Pear || || 62 || 10 || 12 || 18 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 63|#63]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_63.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Black Twig]] || 63 || 27 || 30 || 30 || Good || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 64|#64]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_64.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Baldwin]] || 64 || 20 || 15 || 28 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 65|#65]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_65.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Winesap]] || 65 || 15 || 12 || 15 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 66|#66]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_66.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Winesap]] || 66 || 28 || 20 || 28 || Good || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 67|#67]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_67.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || || 67 || 2 || 4 || 9 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Non Affiliated Trees Tree 1|#1]] || || [[Non Affiliated Trees]] || Apple || || 1 || || || || ||
|-
| [[ODOT Tree 1|#1]] || || [[ODOT]] || Apple || || 1 || || || || ||
|-
| [[ODOT Tree 2|#2]] || || [[ODOT]] || Apple || || 2 || || || || ||
|-
| [[ODOT Tree 3|#3]] || || [[ODOT]] || Apple || || 3 || || || || ||
|-
| [[Osborn Springs Tree 110|#110]] || [[File:Tree_Osborn_Springs_110.jpg|50px]] || [[Osborn Springs]] || Pear || Pear || 110 || || || || ||

|-
| [[Osborn Springs Tree 111|#111]] || [[File:Tree_Osborn_Springs_111.jpg|50px]] || [[Osborn Springs]] || Apple || [[Monmouth Pippin]] || 111 || 25 || 36 || 35 || Good || Yes
|-
| [[Osborn Springs Tree 112|#112]] || [[File:Tree_Osborn_Springs_112.jpg|50px]] || [[Osborn Springs]] || Apple || Unique || 112 || 24 || 36 || 35 || Good ||
|-
| [[Osborn Springs Tree 113|#113]] || [[File:Tree_Osborn_Springs_113.jpg|50px]] || [[Osborn Springs]] || Apple || [[Stark]] || 113 || 27 || 35 || 35 || Good || Yes
|-
| [[Owens Ranch Homestead Tree 0|#0]] || || [[Owens Ranch Homestead]] || Apple || || || || || || ||
|-
| [[Owens Ranch Homestead Tree 1|#1]] || || [[Owens Ranch Homestead]] || Apple || || || || || || ||
|-
| [[Smith Homestead-Metolius Tree 1|#1]] || || [[Smith Homestead-Metolius]] || Apple || [[UAF5]] || 1 || || || || ||
|-
| [[Smith Homestead-Metolius Tree 3|#3]] || || [[Smith Homestead-Metolius]] || Apple || [[Grimes Golden]] || 3 || || || || ||
|-
| [[Smith Homestead-Metolius Tree 2|#2]] || [[File:Smith Homestead-Metolius 2.jpg|50px]] || [[Smith Homestead-Metolius]] || Apple || || 2 || || || || Fair ||
|-
| [[Smith Homestead-Metolius Tree 4|#4]] || [[File:Smith Homestead-Metolius 4.jpg|50px]] || [[Smith Homestead-Metolius]] || Apple || || 4 || || || || Fair ||
|-
| [[Smith Homestead-Metolius Tree 5|#5]] || [[File:Smith Homestead-Metolius 5.jpg|50px]] || [[Smith Homestead-Metolius]] || Pear || || 5 || || || || Good ||
|-
| [[Tetherow Crossing Tree 1|#1]] || [[File:Tree_Tetherow_Crossing_1.jpg|50px]] || [[Tetherow Crossing]] || Apple || || 1 || || || || Good ||
|-
| [[Tetherow Crossing Tree 2|#2]] || [[File:Tree_Tetherow_Crossing_2.jpg|50px]] || [[Tetherow Crossing]] || Apple || || 2 || || || || Good ||
|-
| [[Todd Tree 1|#1]] || || [[Todd]] || Apple || || 1 || || || || Fair ||
|-
| [[Todd Tree 2|#2]] || || [[Todd]] || Apple || || 2 || || || || Fair ||
|-
| [[Todd Tree 3|#3]] || || [[Todd]] || Apple || || 3 || || || || Fair ||
|-
| [[West Lithgow Tree 124|#124]] || [[File:Tree West Lithgow 124.jpeg|50px]] || [[West Lithgow]] || Apple || || 124 || 9 || 15 || 18 || Fair ||
|-
| [[West Lithgow Tree 125|#125]] || [[File:Tree West Lithgow 125.jpeg|50px]] || [[West Lithgow]] || Apple || || 125 || 8 || 10 || 5 || Poor ||
|-
| [[West Lithgow Tree 126|#126]] || || [[West Lithgow]] || Apple || || 126 || 9 || 10 || 6 || Poor ||
|}

== Notes ==

* '''Diameter''' - Trunk diameter in inches
* '''Crown''' - Crown width in feet
* '''Height''' - Tree height in feet
* Photos shown are thumbnails - click tree number to see full-size images

[[Category:Trees]]

Cyrus Tree 6

2026-07-02T18:07:05Z

Bot: Set variety=Yellow Transparent per visual identification (already noted in orchard page prose and Visual Identification section)

{{Tree Infobox
|tag=6
|orchard=Cyrus
|species=Apple
|variety=Yellow Transparent
|variety_dna=
|condition=fair
|height=14
|diameter=11
|crown_width=15
|live_crown_pct=80
|at_clarno=
|clarno_year=
|dna_code=
|diam_height=2
}}

== Photos ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:Tree_Cyrus_6.JPG|Tree #6
</gallery>

== Description ==
good, decent structure - needs pruning

== Assessment ==
* '''Inspected:''' 03/15/24 00:00:00
* '''Inspectors:''' CJ, CS, AO

== Visual Identification ==
Originally identified as: Yellow Transparent

== Location ==
[[Has latitude::44.46163]]
[[Has longitude::-121.108192]]
[[Has coordinates::44.446163,-121.108192]]

{{#display_map: 44.446163,-121.108192 }}

== Remarks ==
* '''Historical Reference:''' 6

[[Category:Trees]]
[[Category:Apple Trees]]
[[Category:Condition - Fair]]
[[Category:Crooked River National Grassland]]

Cyrus Tree 5

2026-07-02T18:07:05Z

Bot: Set variety=Yellow Transparent per visual identification (already noted in orchard page prose and Visual Identification section)

{{Tree Infobox
|tag=5
|orchard=Cyrus
|species=Apple
|variety=Yellow Transparent
|variety_dna=
|condition=poor
|height=11
|diameter=12
|crown_width=13
|live_crown_pct=25
|at_clarno=
|clarno_year=
|dna_code=
|diam_height=4
}}

== Photos ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:Tree_Cyrus_5.JPG|Tree #5
</gallery>

== Description ==
upper crown dead, large decayed cavity near base.

== Assessment ==
* '''Inspected:''' 03/15/24 00:00:00
* '''Inspectors:''' CJ, CS, AO

== Visual Identification ==
Originally identified as: Yellow Transparent

== Location ==
[[Has latitude::44.446172]]
[[Has longitude::-121.108058]]
[[Has coordinates::44.446172,-121.108058]]

{{#display_map: 44.446172,-121.108058 }}

== Remarks ==
* '''Historical Reference:''' 5

[[Category:Trees]]
[[Category:Apple Trees]]
[[Category:Condition - Poor]]
[[Category:Crooked River National Grassland]]

Cyrus Tree 1

2026-07-02T18:07:04Z

Bot: Set variety=Purple Siberian Crab per visual identification (already noted in orchard page prose and Visual Identification section)

{{Tree Infobox
|tag=1
|orchard=Cyrus
|species=Apple
|variety=Purple Siberian Crab
|variety_dna=
|condition=good
|height=27
|diameter=18
|crown_width=11
|live_crown_pct=90
|at_clarno=
|clarno_year=
|dna_code=
|diam_height=1
}}

== Photos ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200">
File:Tree_Cyrus_1.JPG|Tree #1
</gallery>

== Description ==
robust, large tree. Some heart rot near base

== Assessment ==
* '''Inspected:''' 03/15/24 00:00:00
* '''Inspectors:''' CJ, CS, AO

== Visual Identification ==
Originally identified as: Purple Siberian Crab

== Location ==
[[Has latitude::44.446141]]
[[Has longitude::-121.107896]]
[[Has coordinates::44.446141,-121.107896]]

{{#display_map: 44.446141,-121.107896 }}

== Remarks ==
* '''Historical Reference:''' 1

[[Category:Trees]]
[[Category:Apple Trees]]
[[Category:Condition - Good]]
[[Category:Crooked River National Grassland]]

Clarno Arboretum

2026-07-02T18:06:09Z

Bot: Wire up SMW tree list for trees whose specific source is unidentified

{{Orchard Infobox
|name=Clarno Arboretum
|location=Clarno, Oregon
|land_type=
|coordinates=
}}

The Clarno Nursery Heritage Arboretum was established in 2023 as a long‑term preservation site for historic homestead apple trees found across Central Oregon’s public lands. The site is jointly managed by the U.S. Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management, reflecting its role as a regional conservation resource.

Approximately 40 heritage apple trees, representing historic homesteads, ranches, and settlement sites across Central Oregon, were brought together into a curated arboretum collection. These trees now serve as:

*Genetic preservation stock for rare, undocumented, and regionally unique homestead varieties

*A living archive of Central Oregon’s settlement‑era agricultural history

*A propagation source for restoration orchards, community plantings, and research

*A training ground for grafting, orchard care, and heritage apple stewardship,

== Trees ==

Most of the ~40 heritage trees preserved at the arboretum are grafts of specimens documented on their original orchard pages (see [[:Category:Preserved at Clarno]]). Trees below have their own page here because the specific source tree at the original orchard is not individually identified.

{{Orchard tree list|orchard=Clarno Arboretum}}

{{Condition summary|orchard=Clarno Arboretum}}

== History ==

The project’s origins reach back more than a decade. In 2011, the first grafted heritage apple trees were planted along the nursery fence line, with additional trees added in most years as new historic orchard sites were discovered and documented. These early plantings formed the foundation for what would become a broader preservation effort.

With the formation of the Heritage Apple Corps (HAC) in 2024, the work evolved into a fully recognized preservation orchard.

[[Category:Orchards]]

All Trees

2026-07-02T18:05:58Z

Bot: Fix triple-duplicate Cyrus Tree 0 row; reassign to Clarno Arboretum Tree 0 (not a Cyrus orchard tree)

__NOTOC__

== All Trees Map ==

This map shows all trees with known coordinates. Click on a marker to see the tree details.

{{#ask: [[Category:Trees]] [[Has coordinates::+]]
|?Has coordinates
|?Has variety
|format=leaflet
|height=600px
|width=100%
|limit=9999
|zoom=10
|fullscreen=on
|layers=OpenStreetMap, OpenTopoMap, Esri.WorldImagery
}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! Tree !! Photo !! Orchard !! Species !! Variety !! Field Tag !! Diameter (in) !! Crown (ft) !! Height (ft) !! Condition !! Clarno
|-
| [[5 Tree Tree 101|#101]] || [[File:Tree_5_Tree_101.jpg|50px]] || [[5 Tree]] || Apple || [[Yellow Bellflower]] || 101 || 12 || 13 || 14 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Clarno Arboretum Tree 0|#0]] || || [[Clarno Arboretum]] || Apple || [[Yellow Transparent]] || || || || || ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 1|#1]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_1.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || || 1 || 18 || 11 || 27 || Good ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 4|#4]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_4.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Yellow Transparent]] || 4 || 8 || 8 || 14 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 5|#5]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_5.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || || 5 || 12 || 13 || 11 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 6|#6]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_6.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || || 6 || 11 || 15 || 14 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 7|#7]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_7.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || Unique || 7 || 6 || 10 || 11 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 8|#8]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_8.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Yellow Transparent]] || 8 || 13 || 15 || 11 || Good ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 9|#9]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_9.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Yellow Transparent]] || 9 || 14 || 14 || 10 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 10|#10]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_10.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Yellow Transparent]] || 10 || 8 || 12 || 11 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 11|#11]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_11.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Yellow Transparent]] || 11 || 16 || 20 || 16 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 12|#12]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_12.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Yellow Transparent]] || 12 || 10 || 15 || 10 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 13|#13]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_13.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || Unique || 13 || 20 || 20 || 20 || Good ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 14|#14]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_14.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || Unique || 14 || 10 || 8 || 10 || Poor || Yes
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 15|#15]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_15.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Blue Pearmain]] || 15 || 16 || 15 || 16 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 16|#16]] || || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || || 16 || 11 || 7 || 10 || Dead ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 17|#17]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_17.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Northern Spy]] || 17 || 20 || 24 || 22 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 19|#19]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_19.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Ohio Pippin]] || 19 || 19 || 20 || 13 || Poor || Yes
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 20|#20]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_20.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Red Astrachan]] || 20 || 8 || 10 || 10 || Poor || Yes
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 21|#21]] || || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Monmouth Pippin]] || 21 || 19 || 13 || 17 || Fair || Yes
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 22|#22]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_22.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Duchess of Oldenburg]] || 22 || 11 || 12 || 15 || Fair || Yes
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 23|#23]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_23.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || Unique || 23 || 16 || 20 || 22 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 24|#24]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_24.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || [[Yellow Transparent]] || 24 || 9 || 13 || 12 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Tree 25|#25]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_25.JPG|50px]] || [[Cyrus]] || Apple || Unique || 25 || 7 || 9 || 9 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Cyrus #1 Tree 1|#1]] || || [[Cyrus #1]] || Apple || || 1 || || || || ||
|-
| [[Cyrus #5 Tree 5|#5]] || || [[Cyrus #5]] || Apple || [[Yellow Transparent]] || 5 || || || || ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Barn Tree 114|#114]] || || [[Cyrus Barn]] || Pear || [[pear probably]] || 114 || 9 || 10 || 14 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Barn Tree 115|#115]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_Barn_115.jpg|50px]] || [[Cyrus Barn]] || Pear || [[pear probably]] || 115 || 13 || 24 || 30 || Good ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Barn Tree 116|#116]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_Barn_116.jpg|50px]] || [[Cyrus Barn]] || Pear || [[pear probably]] || 116 || 12 || 18 || 20 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Barn Tree 117|#117]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_Barn_117.jpg|50px]] || [[Cyrus Barn]] || Pear || [[pear probably]] || 117 || 15 || 5 || 6 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Barn Tree 118|#118]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus_Barn_118.jpg|50px]] || [[Cyrus Barn]] || Pear || [[pear probably]] || 118 || 9 || 8 || 8 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Horse Camp Tree 26|#26]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus Horse Camp_26.jpg|50px]] || [[Cyrus Horse Camp]] || Apple || [[UAF5]] || 26 || 11 || 14 || 17 || Fair || Yes
|-
| [[Cyrus Horse Camp Tree 27|#27]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus Horse Camp_27.jpg|50px]] || [[Cyrus Horse Camp]] || Apple || Unique || 27 || 4 || 5 || 8 || Poor || Yes
|-
| [[Cyrus Horse Camp Tree 28|#28]] || || [[Cyrus Horse Camp]] || Apple || || 28 || 20 || || || Dead ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Horse Camp Tree 29|#29]] || || [[Cyrus Horse Camp]] || Apple || || 29 || 16 || 16 || 20 || Dead ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Horse Camp Tree 30|#30]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus Horse Camp_30.jpg|50px]] || [[Cyrus Horse Camp]] || Apple || Unique || 30 || 16 || 21 || 21 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Horse Camp Tree 31|#31]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus Horse Camp_31.jpg|50px]] || [[Cyrus Horse Camp]] || Apple || Unique || 31 || 18 || 22 || 18 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Horse Camp Tree 32|#32]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus Horse Camp_32.jpg|50px]] || [[Cyrus Horse Camp]] || Apple || Unique || 32 || 14 || 12 || 15 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Horse Camp Tree 33|#33]] || || [[Cyrus Horse Camp]] || Apple || Unique || 33 || 7 || 9 || 22 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Horse Camp Tree 34|#34]] || [[File:Tree_Cyrus Horse Camp_34.jpg|50px]] || [[Cyrus Horse Camp]] || Apple || [[Red Astrachan]] || 34 || 23 || 22 || 18 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Horse Camp Tree 35|#35]] || || [[Cyrus Horse Camp]] || Apple || [[Red Astrachan]] || 35 || 18 || 20 || 21 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Horse Camp Tree 36|#36]] || || [[Cyrus Horse Camp]] || Apple || || 36 || || || || Dead ||
|-
| [[Cyrus Horse Camp #2 Tree 0|#0]] || || [[Cyrus Horse Camp #2]] || Apple || [[Red Astrachan]] || || || || || ||
|-
| [[East Springer Tree 108|#108]] || [[File:Tree_East_Springer_108.jpg|50px]] || [[East Springer]] || Apple || [[Red Astrachan]] || 108 || 28 || 15 || 14 || Poor ||
|-
| [[El Rancho Tree 1|#1]] || || [[El Rancho]] || || Unknown || 1 || || || || ||
|-
| [[El Rancho Tree 3|#3]] || || [[El Rancho]] || Apple || [[Gravenstein]] || 3 || || || || ||
|-
| [[El Rancho Tree 4|#4]] || || [[El Rancho]] || Apple || [[Red Delicious]] || 4 || || || || ||
|-
| [[El Rancho Tree 2|#2]] || [[File:El Rancho Tree 2.jpg|50px]] || [[El Rancho]] || Apple || || 2 || || || || ||
|-
| [[El Rancho Tree 5|#5]] || || [[El Rancho]] || Apple || [[Yellow Transparent]] || || || || || ||
|-
| [[FlyMon Mill site Tree 0|#0]] || || [[FlyMon Mill site]] || Apple || || || || || || || Yes
|-
| [[FlyMon Mill site Tree 1|#1]] || || [[FlyMon Mill site]] || Apple || || || || || || ||
|-
| [[FlyMon Mill site Tree 2|#2]] || || [[FlyMon Mill site]] || Apple || || || || || || ||
|-
| [[Grandview Tree 1|#1]] || || [[Grandview]] || Apple || [[Gravenstein]] || 1 || || || || ||
|-
| [[Hattie Cyrus Tree 1|#1]] || || [[Hattie Cyrus]] || Apple || || 1 || || || || Dead ||
|-
| [[Hattie Cyrus Tree 2|#2]] || || [[Hattie Cyrus]] || Apple || || 2 || || || || Dead ||
|-
| [[Hattie Cyrus Tree 4|#4]] || || [[Hattie Cyrus]] || Apple || || 4 || || || || Dead ||
|-
| [[Hattie Cyrus Tree 5|#5]] || || [[Hattie Cyrus]] || Apple || || 5 || || || || Dead ||
|-
| [[Hattie Cyrus Tree 149|#149]] || || [[Hattie Cyrus]] || Apple || || 149 || || || || Poor ||
|-
| [[Hattie Cyrus Tree 150|#150]] || || [[Hattie Cyrus]] || Apple || || 150 || || || || Good ||
|-
| [[Haystack Tree 109|#109]] || [[File:Tree_Haystack_109.jpg|50px]] || [[Haystack]] || Apple || [[Northern Spy]] || 109 || 15 || 10 || 15 || Poor || Yes
|-
| [[Hollinshead Tree 1|#1]] || [[File:Tree_Hollinshead_1.jpg|50px]] || [[Hollinshead]] || Apple || || 1 || || || || ||
|-
| [[Hollinshead Tree 2|#2]] || [[File:Tree_Hollinshead_2.jpg|50px]] || [[Hollinshead]] || Apple || || 2 || || || || ||
|-
| [[Hollinshead Tree 3|#3]] || [[File:Tree_Hollinshead_3.jpg|50px]] || [[Hollinshead]] || Apple || || 3 || || || || ||
|-
| [[Lithgow Springs Tree 102|#102]] || [[File:Tree_Lithgow_Springs_102.jpg|50px]] || [[Lithgow Springs]] || Apple || [[Baldwin]] || 102 || 30 || 35 || 36 || Good ||
|-
| [[Lithgow Springs Tree 103|#103]] || [[File:Tree_Lithgow_Springs_103.jpg|50px]] || [[Lithgow Springs]] || Apple || [[Baldwin]] || 103 || 27 || 32 || 40 || Good ||
|-
| [[Lithgow Springs Tree 104|#104]] || [[File:Tree_Lithgow_Springs_104.jpg|50px]] || [[Lithgow Springs]] || Apple || [[McIntosh]] || 104 || 27 || 20 || 25 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Lithgow Springs Tree 105|#105]] || [[File:Tree_Lithgow_Springs_105.jpg|50px]] || [[Lithgow Springs]] || Apple || [[McIntosh]] || 105 || 15 || 10 || 20 || Fair ||
|-
| [[Lithgow Springs Tree 106|#106]] || [[File:Tree_Lithgow_Springs_106.jpg|50px]] || [[Lithgow Springs]] || Apple || [[Esopus Spitzenburg]] || 106 || 20 || 8 || 8 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Lithgow Springs Tree 107|#107]] || [[File:Tree_Lithgow_Springs_107.jpg|50px]] || [[Lithgow Springs]] || Pear || [[pear]] || 107 || 8 || 15 || 18 || Good ||
|-
| [[Lithgow Springs Tree 119|#119]] || [[File:Tree_Lithgow_Springs_119.jpg|50px]] || [[Lithgow Springs]] || Plum || [[plum or poor DNA]] || 119 || 6 || 12 || 14 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 68|#68]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_68.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Northern Spy]] || 68 || 24 || 20 || 25 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 69|#69]] || [[File:Tree McCoin Lower 69.JPG|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || Unique || 69 || 22 || 30 || 33 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 70|#70]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_70.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Alexander]] || 70 || 12 || 15 || 19 || Poor ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 71|#71]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_71.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Alexander]] || 71 || 13 || 15 || 20 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 72|#72]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_72.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Missouri Pippin]] || 72 || 13 || 18 || 24 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 73|#73]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_73.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || Unique || 73 || 29 || 30 || 28 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 74|#74]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_74.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Gloria Mundi]] || 74 || 27 || 23 || 14 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 75|#75]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_75.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Blue Pearmain]] || 75 || 13 || 18 || 26 || Fair || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 76|#76]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_76.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Gloria Mundi]] || 76 || 19 || 28 || 31 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 77|#77]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_77.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Gloria Mundi]] || 77 || 24 || 35 || 31 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 78|#78]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_78.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Gloria Mundi]] || 78 || 25 || 30 || 32 || Good || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 79|#79]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_79.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Alexander]] || 79 || 10 || 8 || 18 || Poor ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 80|#80]] || [[File:Tree McCoin Lower 80.JPG|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Northern Spy]] || 80 || 16 || 18 || 21 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 81|#81]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_81.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || Unique || 81 || 15 || 12 || 20 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 82|#82]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_82.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Baldwin]] || 82 || 27 || 30 || 40 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 83|#83]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_83.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Yellow Bellflower]] || 83 || 21 || 17 || 22 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 84|#84]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_84.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Yellow Bellflower]] || 84 || 17 || 18 || 19 || Fair || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 85|#85]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_85.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Baldwin]] || 85 || 11 || 16 || 22 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 86|#86]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_86.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || Unique || 86 || 10 || 15 || 16 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 87|#87]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_87.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Alexander]] || 87 || 19 || 20 || 27 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 88|#88]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_88.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Alexander]] || 88 || 17 || 15 || 15 || Fair || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 89|#89]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_89.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Baldwin]] || 89 || 18 || 20 || 25 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 90|#90]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_90.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Baldwin]] || 90 || 23 || 20 || 21 || Good || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 91|#91]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_91.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Wealthy]] || 91 || 11 || 15 || 19 || Fair || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 92|#92]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_92.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Wealthy]] || 92 || 12 || 12 || 18 || Poor ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 93|#93]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_93.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Wealthy]] || 93 || 13 || 10 || 12 || Poor ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 94|#94]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_94.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Wealthy]] || 94 || 12 || 12 || 17 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 95|#95]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_95.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Wealthy]] || 95 || 14 || 20 || 21 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 96|#96]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_96.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Wealthy]] || 96 || 11 || 18 || 22 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 97|#97]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_97.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[Wealthy]] || 97 || 13 || 20 || 21 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Lower Tree 100|#100]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Lower_100.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Lower]] || Apple || [[plum or poor DNA]] || 100 || 4 || 8 || 12 || Poor ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 37|#37]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_37.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || || 37 || 19 || 21 || 20 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 38|#38]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_38.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || || 38 || 17 || 18 || 17 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 39|#39]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_39.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || || 39 || 22 || 19 || 22 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 40|#40]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_40.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[White Winter Pearmain]] || 40 || 24 || 20 || 15 || Poor ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 41|#41]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_41.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[White Winter Pearmain]] || 41 || 12 || 10 || 13 || Poor || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 42|#42]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_42.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Lawver]] || 42 || 18 || 22 || 20 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 43|#43]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_43.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Lawver]] || 43 || 20 || 25 || 24 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 44|#44]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_44.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Lawver]] || 44 || 19 || 30 || 28 || Good || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 45|#45]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_45.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Lawver]] || 45 || 24 || 22 || 15 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 46|#46]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_46.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Fameuse]] || 46 || 11 || 18 || 18 || Good || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 47|#47]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_47.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Fameuse]] || 47 || 15 || 10 || 9 || Poor ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 48|#48]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_48.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Esopus Spitzenburg]] || 48 || 14 || 18 || 18 || Poor || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 49|#49]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_49.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Red Astrachan]] || 49 || 21 || 31 || 18 || Good || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 50|#50]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_50.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Yellow Newtown/Newtown Pippin]] || 50 || 10 || 3 || 11 || Poor ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 51|#51]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_51.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || Unique || 51 || 18 || 12 || 10 || Dead ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 52|#52]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_52.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Red Astrachan]] || 52 || 18 || 18 || 12 || Poor ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 53|#53]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_53.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || Unique || 53 || 11 || 20 || 21 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 54|#54]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_54.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Pear || || 54 || 5 || 12 || 12 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 55|#55]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_55.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Pear || || 55 || 12 || 20 || 24 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 56|#56]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_56.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Pear || || 56 || 5 || || || Dead ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 57|#57]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_57.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Pear || || 57 || 6 || 12 || 12 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 58|#58]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_58.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Pear || || 58 || 7 || 15 || 21 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 59|#59]] || || [[McCoin Upper]] || Pear || || 59 || 10 || 12 || 18 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 60|#60]] || || [[McCoin Upper]] || Pear || || 60 || 10 || 12 || 18 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 61|#61]] || || [[McCoin Upper]] || Pear || || 61 || 10 || 12 || 18 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 62|#62]] || || [[McCoin Upper]] || Pear || || 62 || 10 || 12 || 18 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 63|#63]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_63.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Black Twig]] || 63 || 27 || 30 || 30 || Good || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 64|#64]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_64.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Baldwin]] || 64 || 20 || 15 || 28 || Good ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 65|#65]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_65.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Winesap]] || 65 || 15 || 12 || 15 || Fair ||
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 66|#66]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_66.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || [[Winesap]] || 66 || 28 || 20 || 28 || Good || Yes
|-
| [[McCoin Upper Tree 67|#67]] || [[File:Tree_McCoin_Upper_67.jpg|50px]] || [[McCoin Upper]] || Apple || || 67 || 2 || 4 || 9 || Poor ||
|-
| [[Non Affiliated Trees Tree 1|#1]] || || [[Non Affiliated Trees]] || Apple || || 1 || || || || ||
|-
| [[ODOT Tree 1|#1]] || || [[ODOT]] || Apple || || 1 || || || || ||
|-
| [[ODOT Tree 2|#2]] || || [[ODOT]] || Apple || || 2 || || || || ||
|-
| [[ODOT Tree 3|#3]] || || [[ODOT]] || Apple || || 3 || || || || ||
|-
| [[Osborn Springs Tree 110|#110]] || [[File:Tree_Osborn_Springs_110.jpg|50px]] || [[Osborn Springs]] || Pear || Pear || 110 || || || || ||

|-
| [[Osborn Springs Tree 111|#111]] || [[File:Tree_Osborn_Springs_111.jpg|50px]] || [[Osborn Springs]] || Apple || [[Monmouth Pippin]] || 111 || 25 || 36 || 35 || Good || Yes
|-
| [[Osborn Springs Tree 112|#112]] || [[File:Tree_Osborn_Springs_112.jpg|50px]] || [[Osborn Springs]] || Apple || Unique || 112 || 24 || 36 || 35 || Good ||
|-
| [[Osborn Springs Tree 113|#113]] || [[File:Tree_Osborn_Springs_113.jpg|50px]] || [[Osborn Springs]] || Apple || [[Stark]] || 113 || 27 || 35 || 35 || Good || Yes
|-
| [[Owens Ranch Homestead Tree 0|#0]] || || [[Owens Ranch Homestead]] || Apple || || || || || || ||
|-
| [[Owens Ranch Homestead Tree 1|#1]] || || [[Owens Ranch Homestead]] || Apple || || || || || || ||
|-
| [[Smith Homestead-Metolius Tree 1|#1]] || || [[Smith Homestead-Metolius]] || Apple || [[UAF5]] || 1 || || || || ||
|-
| [[Smith Homestead-Metolius Tree 3|#3]] || || [[Smith Homestead-Metolius]] || Apple || [[Grimes Golden]] || 3 || || || || ||
|-
| [[Smith Homestead-Metolius Tree 2|#2]] || [[File:Smith Homestead-Metolius 2.jpg|50px]] || [[Smith Homestead-Metolius]] || Apple || || 2 || || || || Fair ||
|-
| [[Smith Homestead-Metolius Tree 4|#4]] || [[File:Smith Homestead-Metolius 4.jpg|50px]] || [[Smith Homestead-Metolius]] || Apple || || 4 || || || || Fair ||
|-
| [[Smith Homestead-Metolius Tree 5|#5]] || [[File:Smith Homestead-Metolius 5.jpg|50px]] || [[Smith Homestead-Metolius]] || Pear || || 5 || || || || Good ||
|-
| [[Tetherow Crossing Tree 1|#1]] || [[File:Tree_Tetherow_Crossing_1.jpg|50px]] || [[Tetherow Crossing]] || Apple || || 1 || || || || Good ||
|-
| [[Tetherow Crossing Tree 2|#2]] || [[File:Tree_Tetherow_Crossing_2.jpg|50px]] || [[Tetherow Crossing]] || Apple || || 2 || || || || Good ||
|-
| [[Todd Tree 1|#1]] || || [[Todd]] || Apple || || 1 || || || || Fair ||
|-
| [[Todd Tree 2|#2]] || || [[Todd]] || Apple || || 2 || || || || Fair ||
|-
| [[Todd Tree 3|#3]] || || [[Todd]] || Apple || || 3 || || || || Fair ||
|-
| [[West Lithgow Tree 124|#124]] || [[File:Tree West Lithgow 124.jpeg|50px]] || [[West Lithgow]] || Apple || || 124 || 9 || 15 || 18 || Fair ||
|-
| [[West Lithgow Tree 125|#125]] || [[File:Tree West Lithgow 125.jpeg|50px]] || [[West Lithgow]] || Apple || || 125 || 8 || 10 || 5 || Poor ||
|-
| [[West Lithgow Tree 126|#126]] || || [[West Lithgow]] || Apple || || 126 || 9 || 10 || 6 || Poor ||
|}

== Notes ==

* '''Diameter''' - Trunk diameter in inches
* '''Crown''' - Crown width in feet
* '''Height''' - Tree height in feet
* Photos shown are thumbnails - click tree number to see full-size images

[[Category:Trees]]

Clarno Arboretum Tree 0

2026-07-02T18:05:45Z

Bot: Rewrite as a Clarno Arboretum graft of an unidentified Cyrus tree, not a Cyrus orchard tree

{{Tree Infobox
|tag=0
|orchard=Clarno Arboretum
|species=Apple
|variety=Yellow Transparent
|variety_dna=Yellow Transparent
|condition=
|height=
|diameter=
|crown_width=
|live_crown_pct=
|at_clarno=
|clarno_year=
|dna_code=AFRS-015
}}

== Description ==
This tree is a graft growing at the [[Clarno Arboretum]], propagated from an unidentified tree in the [[Cyrus]] orchard. The specific source tree at Cyrus is not known. DNA testing (AFRS-015) identified the variety as Yellow Transparent.

[[Category:Trees]]
[[Category:Apple Trees]]
[[Category:Preserved at Clarno]]

Clarno Arboretum Tree 0

2026-07-02T18:05:35Z

Bot: Bot moved page Cyrus Tree 0 to Clarno Arboretum Tree 0 without leaving a redirect: Not a Cyrus orchard tree; this is a Clarno Arboretum graft of an unidentified Cyrus tree

{{Tree Infobox
|tag=0
|orchard=Cyrus
|species=Apple
|variety=Yellow Transparent
|variety_dna=Yellow Transparent
|condition=
|height=
|diameter=
|crown_width=
|live_crown_pct=
|at_clarno=
|clarno_year=
|dna_code=AFRS-015
}}

[[Category:Trees]]
[[Category:Apple Trees]]
[[Category:Crooked River National Grassland]]

Yellow Newtown/Newtown Pippin

2026-07-01T17:00:06Z

Bot: Bot: add USDA Pomological Watercolors from Variety Finder (newtown-pippin-apple)

{{Variety Infobox
|name=Yellow Newtown/Newtown Pippin
|species=Apple
}}
[[File:USDA_Pomological_Yellow_Newtown_Newtown_Pippin_POM00000792.jpg|thumb|right|320px|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Yellow Newtown/Newtown Pippin. Public domain. USDA National Agricultural Library.]]

We consider this, Yellow Newtown Pippin and Brooks' Pippin identical. Perhaps no apple stands higher in the market than this, or brings as high a price; others may be more profitable to the grower. It succeeds finely in the Piedmont region and in many parts of the Valley of Virginia, though in poor, cold soils it will not succeed. It needs a deep, warm soil to bring it to perfection. Where it does well, we would still advise planting it largely for market. Fruit large, round, lop-sided, ribbed and irregular; surface smooth, yellowish green, sometimes bronzy, becoming yellow when ripe; flesh yellow, firm, brittle, juicy; flavor acid, rich, agreeable; tree a slow grower in the nursery; does not succeed so well below the Piedmont country. This apple is identical with the famous Back Creek Pippin so successfully raised in this county. January to April.
'''Read the full entry:''' [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/newtown-pippin-apple/ Newtown Pippin on the Variety Finder] for deeper history, every book quote, and all nursery catalog references.

== Quick Facts ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''Type''' || Apple
|-
| '''Season''' || Winter
|-
| '''Flavor''' || subacid
|-
| '''Uses''' || fresh eating, cooking, cider
|-
| '''Keeping quality''' || Excellent
|-
| '''Size''' || Large
|-
| '''Shape''' || Round
|-
| '''Skin color''' || striped red, green, yellow, red, russet, blushed, crimson, dark, orange, striped
|-
| '''Flesh''' || firm
|-
| '''Origin''' || Long Island, New York, USA
|}

== Synonyms ==
Albemarle Pippin, Green Newtown, Green Newtown Pippin, Large Yellow Newtown Pippin, Newtown Pippin of New York, Yellow Newtown, Yellow Newtown Pippin

== Illustrations ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="240">
File:USDA_Pomological_Yellow_Newtown_Newtown_Pippin_POM00000792.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Yellow Newtown/Newtown Pippin
File:USDA_Pomological_Yellow_Newtown_Newtown_Pippin_POM00000793.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Yellow Newtown/Newtown Pippin
</gallery>

U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705

== USDA Bulletin 56 Notes ==
'''USDA name:''' Newtown Pippin

'''USDA citations:''' E

== Sources ==
* S.A. Beach, The Apples of New York Vol. 1 (1905). Public domain.
* Granville Lowther (ed.), Encyclopedia of Practical Horticulture (1914). Public domain.
* USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, U.S. National Agricultural Library.
* 70 historical nursery catalog references (see [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/newtown-pippin-apple/ Variety Finder] for the full list).
* '''Full entry with all citations:''' [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/newtown-pippin-apple/ Newtown Pippin on the Variety Finder]

== Trees of this Variety in Our Collection ==
{{#ask: [[Has variety::Yellow Newtown/Newtown Pippin]]
|?Has orchard=Orchard
|?Has field tag=Tag
|?Has condition=Condition
|format=table
|sort=Has orchard, Has field tag
}}

[[Category:Varieties]]
[[Category:Apple Trees]]

File:USDA Pomological Yellow Newtown Newtown Pippin POM00000793.jpg

2026-07-01T16:59:53Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Yellow Newtown/Newtown Pippin. * '''Identifier:''' POM00000793 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Yellow Newtown/Newtown Pippin.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00000793
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Yellow Newtown Newtown Pippin POM00000792.jpg

2026-07-01T16:59:36Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Yellow Newtown/Newtown Pippin. * '''Identifier:''' POM00000792 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Yellow Newtown/Newtown Pippin.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00000792
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

Winter Banana

2026-07-01T16:59:15Z

Bot: Bot: add USDA Pomological Watercolors from Variety Finder (winter-banana-apple)

{{Variety Infobox
|name=Winter Banana
|species=Apple
}}
[[File:USDA_Pomological_Winter_Banana_POM00000010.jpg|thumb|right|320px|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana. Public domain. USDA National Agricultural Library.]]

This valuable new variety was originated on the farm of D. N. Flory, Cass County, Indiana. Fruit large, fine grained, a beautiful golden yellow, shaded with bright red, unusually handsome. Flesh of golden yellow, very large and highly perfumed and considered the most flavored apple grown; an excellent table variety. Tree hardy. An early and prolific bearer. November to May. We have watched this apple since its introduction and from our personal observation, believe it is a profitable variety to grow, especially for the fancy trade, and those who wish to secure this class of business will make no mistake in planting it.
'''Read the full entry:''' [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/winter-banana-apple/ Winter Banana on the Variety Finder] for deeper history, every book quote, and all nursery catalog references.

== Quick Facts ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''Type''' || Apple
|-
| '''Season''' || Winter
|-
| '''Flavor''' || subacid, aromatic, mild
|-
| '''Uses''' || fresh eating
|-
| '''Keeping quality''' || Good
|-
| '''Size''' || Large
|-
| '''Shape''' || Oblate Conic
|-
| '''Skin color''' || yellow, blushed, pink, red, russet, dark, light, orange
|-
| '''Flesh''' || Yellow tender
|-
| '''Origin''' || Indiana, USA, c. 1876
|}

== Synonyms ==
Banana, Banana Apple

== Fruit ==
'''Size.''' Nearly large to very large, not very uniform in size or shape. Bunyard gives dimensions as "very large, 3 by 2½."

'''Form.''' Roundish conic to oblong conic, or sometimes oblate and noticeably flat at the base, often irregularly elliptical and somewhat ribbed; axis sometimes oblique; sides often unequal (Beach; Hedrick concurs). Bunyard: "round, rather flattened, tapering to eye."

'''Stem.''' Short to moderately long, medium in thickness to rather slender (Beach); Hedrick: "short to long"; Bunyard: "rather slender, fairly long."

'''Cavity.''' Usually rather large, acute to acuminate, moderately shallow to deep, broad, gently furrowed, sometimes lipped, smooth or sometimes partly russeted (Beach). Hedrick: "large, acute, shallow, broad, gently furrowed, sometimes lipped, smooth or partly russeted." Bunyard: "wide deep cavity, which is sometimes rather russet."

'''Calyx.''' Small to medium, partly open or sometimes closed; lobes convergent or connivent, short to medium length, obtuse to acute (Beach). Hedrick: "small, partly open or sometimes closed; lobes convergent or connivent, short, obtuse." Bunyard: "Eye, slightly open."

'''Basin.''' Small to medium, often decidedly oblique, rather shallow to moderately deep, usually rather narrow but sometimes moderately wide, obtuse to rather abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled (Beach). Hedrick: "small, often oblique, shallow, narrow or sometimes wide, obtuse, furrowed and wrinkled." Bunyard: "broad, slightly ribbed basin."

'''Skin.''' Smooth, moderately thick (Hedrick: "thick"), tough, waxy, bright pale yellow, often with a blush which in well-colored specimens deepens to dark pinkish-red (Hedrick: "deepens to dark red"). Often a suture line extends from the basin nearly or quite to the cavity. Dots numerous, whitish and submerged or with fine russet point. Prevailing effect yellow with a pretty contrasting blush. Bunyard: "Colour, pale golden-yellow with slight red flush. Skin, very smooth." Hedrick: "clear pale waxen yellow with a delicate blush which sometimes deepens into a bright red." The color shows bruises more readily than do red apples like [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/baldwin-apple/ Baldwin] or [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/batchelor-apple/ Tompkins King] (Beach); Lowther emphasizes "it is so easily bruised and shows its bruises so clearly that in picking, packing and marketing it must be handled with very great care"; Hedrick: "the fruits are so easily bruised that they seldom reach the market in good condition."

'''Flesh and flavor.''' Flesh whitish tinged with pale yellow (Beach) / pale yellow (Bunyard, Hedrick), moderately firm (Beach) / firm (Hedrick), a little coarse / coarse, somewhat crisp, tender, juicy, mild subacid, distinctly aromatic, good to very good (Beach; Hedrick concurs). Bunyard: "pale yellow, a little coarse grained, juicy, aromatic." Beach: "characteristically aromatic, of good dessert quality, but too mild in flavor to excel for culinary uses." Hedrick: "The flavor is that rich admixture of sweet and sour which characterizes most of our best fruits, while the aroma has a suggestion of musk exclusively the property of this apple."

'''Core and seeds.''' Calyx tube wide above, rather short (Hedrick: "short"), cone-shape or funnel-form (Hedrick: "cone-shape"). Stamens median to marginal (Hedrick: "median"). Core rather small to above medium (Hedrick: "small"), abaxile; cells not uniformly developed, usually symmetrical and open, sometimes closed; core lines somewhat clasping (Hedrick: "clasping"). Carpels elongated ovate, narrow, emarginate, tufted. Seeds often abortive; the plump ones vary from small to rather large and are more or less irregular, usually obtuse to acute (Hedrick: "obtuse"), dull dark brown, sometimes tufted.

== Season ==
In ordinary storage the fruit is in season from mid-November to the first of April (Beach), or December to the first of April (Lowther). Hedrick: "October to March"; also says "The season is that of [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/rhode-island-greening-apple/ Rhode Island Greening]." Bunyard: "Dessert, till March." Beach notes its safe commercial limit in the New York climate probably would not extend much beyond December. In cold storage it ranks as a keeper about with [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/rhode-island-greening-apple/ Rhode Island Greening], but is not equal to [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/baldwin-apple/ Baldwin] (Beach).

== Uses ==
Dessert apple of good quality; too mild in flavor to excel for culinary uses (Beach; Lowther). Not highly regarded as a market variety on account of the tender flesh and color which shows bruises very readily (Lowther; Hedrick concurs, "the variety is thus condemned for commercial plantings"). Beach suggests "it could perhaps be used to advantage commercially to follow the [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/maidens-blush-apple/ Maiden Blush] and extend the season for fruit having the general appearance of that variety. As compared with [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/maidens-blush-apple/ Maiden Blush] this is larger, neither as uniform nor as symmetrical, better for dessert use but less desirable for culinary purposes." Hedrick recommends it especially for the amateur planter.

== Illustrations ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="240">
File:USDA_Pomological_Winter_Banana_POM00000010.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana
File:USDA_Pomological_Winter_Banana_POM00000766.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana
File:USDA_Pomological_Winter_Banana_POM00001018.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana
File:USDA_Pomological_Winter_Banana_POM00001019.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana
File:USDA_Pomological_Winter_Banana_POM00001020.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana
File:USDA_Pomological_Winter_Banana_POM00001021.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana
File:USDA_Pomological_Winter_Banana_POM00001022.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana
File:USDA_Pomological_Winter_Banana_POM00001125.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana
File:USDA_Pomological_Winter_Banana_POM00001315.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana
File:USDA_Pomological_Winter_Banana_POM00001316.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana
File:USDA_Pomological_Winter_Banana_POM00001317.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana
File:USDA_Pomological_Winter_Banana_POM00001318.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana
File:USDA_Pomological_Winter_Banana_POM00001319.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana
File:USDA_Pomological_Winter_Banana_POM00001320.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana
File:USDA_Pomological_Winter_Banana_POM00001321.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana
File:USDA_Pomological_Winter_Banana_POM00001322.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana
File:USDA_Pomological_Winter_Banana_POM00001559.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana
File:USDA_Pomological_Winter_Banana_POM00001560.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana
</gallery>

U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705

== Sources ==
* S.A. Beach, The Apples of New York Vol. 1 (1905). Public domain.
* E.A. Bunyard, A Handbook of Hardy Fruits (1920). Public domain.
* Granville Lowther (ed.), Encyclopedia of Practical Horticulture (1914). Public domain.
* U.P. Hedrick, Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits (1922). Public domain.
* USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, U.S. National Agricultural Library.
* 55 historical nursery catalog references (see [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/winter-banana-apple/ Variety Finder] for the full list).
* '''Full entry with all citations:''' [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/winter-banana-apple/ Winter Banana on the Variety Finder]

== Trees of this Variety in Our Collection ==
{{#ask: [[Has variety::Winter Banana]]
|?Has orchard=Orchard
|?Has field tag=Tag
|?Has condition=Condition
|format=table
|sort=Has orchard, Has field tag
}}

[[Category:Varieties]]
[[Category:Apple Trees]]

File:USDA Pomological Winter Banana POM00001560.jpg

2026-07-01T16:58:59Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana. * '''Identifier:''' POM00001560 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00001560
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Winter Banana POM00001559.jpg

2026-07-01T16:58:41Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana. * '''Identifier:''' POM00001559 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00001559
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Winter Banana POM00001322.jpg

2026-07-01T16:58:25Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana. * '''Identifier:''' POM00001322 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00001322
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Winter Banana POM00001321.jpg

2026-07-01T16:58:09Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana. * '''Identifier:''' POM00001321 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00001321
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Winter Banana POM00001320.jpg

2026-07-01T16:57:45Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana. * '''Identifier:''' POM00001320 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00001320
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Winter Banana POM00001319.jpg

2026-07-01T16:57:26Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana. * '''Identifier:''' POM00001319 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00001319
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Winter Banana POM00001318.jpg

2026-07-01T16:57:10Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana. * '''Identifier:''' POM00001318 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00001318
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Winter Banana POM00001317.jpg

2026-07-01T16:56:53Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana. * '''Identifier:''' POM00001317 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00001317
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Winter Banana POM00001316.jpg

2026-07-01T16:56:37Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana. * '''Identifier:''' POM00001316 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00001316
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Winter Banana POM00001315.jpg

2026-07-01T16:56:21Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana. * '''Identifier:''' POM00001315 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00001315
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Winter Banana POM00001125.jpg

2026-07-01T16:56:05Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana. * '''Identifier:''' POM00001125 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00001125
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Winter Banana POM00001022.jpg

2026-07-01T16:55:49Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana. * '''Identifier:''' POM00001022 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00001022
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Winter Banana POM00001021.jpg

2026-07-01T16:55:33Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana. * '''Identifier:''' POM00001021 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00001021
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Winter Banana POM00001020.jpg

2026-07-01T16:55:14Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana. * '''Identifier:''' POM00001020 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00001020
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Winter Banana POM00001019.jpg

2026-07-01T16:54:58Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana. * '''Identifier:''' POM00001019 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00001019
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Winter Banana POM00001018.jpg

2026-07-01T16:54:42Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana. * '''Identifier:''' POM00001018 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00001018
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Winter Banana POM00000766.jpg

2026-07-01T16:54:24Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana. * '''Identifier:''' POM00000766 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00000766
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Winter Banana POM00000010.jpg

2026-07-01T16:54:07Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana. * '''Identifier:''' POM00000010 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Winter Banana.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00000010
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

Red Delicious

2026-07-01T16:53:31Z

Bot: Bot: add USDA Pomological Watercolors from Variety Finder (delicious-apple)

{{Variety Infobox
|name=Red Delicious
|species=Apple
}}
[[File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00000346.jpg|thumb|right|320px|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious. Public domain. USDA National Agricultural Library.]]

(Trade-Mark) Distinctive in shape and marvelously beautiful in color, remarkable in quality and perfect in tree and blossom. Stark Delicious stands so apart from all other apples as to make the writing of a description doing it full justice an almost impossible task. Keeps well; in quality it is surpassed by nothing, the finest apple in all the world. NNCS
'''Read the full entry:''' [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/delicious-apple/ Delicious on the Variety Finder] for deeper history, every book quote, and all nursery catalog references.

== Quick Facts ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''Type''' || Apple
|-
| '''Season''' || Late
|-
| '''Flavor''' || subacid, aromatic, mild
|-
| '''Uses''' || fresh eating, baking
|-
| '''Keeping quality''' || Good
|-
| '''Size''' || Large
|-
| '''Shape''' || Oblong
|-
| '''Skin color''' || striped red, red, yellow, green, crimson, dark, striped, pale
|-
| '''Flesh''' || Yellow firm
|-
| '''Origin''' || Iowa, USA, c. 1881
|}

== Synonyms ==
Stark Delicious

== Fruit ==
'''Size:''' Large; ranges from 72 to 140 per box (Lowther). Bunyard gives medium, 2½ by 2¼ inches. Fisher reports medium to large. Varies considerably in size in response to environment (Lowther).

'''Form:''' Roundish-conic to oblong-conic, ribbed (Hedrick, Budd & Hansen); oblong conical with the calyx end irregular in form (Lowther); round, conical, angular (Bunyard); conical, oblong (Fisher). Uniform (Hedrick).

'''Stem:''' Long, medium thick (Hedrick); medium, stout (Budd & Hansen); medium (Bunyard).

'''Cavity:''' Deep, broad, often furrowed, flaring, greenish (Hedrick); regular, large, deep, gradual, russet (Budd & Hansen); fairly deep (Bunyard).

'''Calyx/Eye:''' Medium, nearly closed, with long, narrow, acute lobes (Hedrick); medium, closed; calyx segments medium, erect or reflexed at tips (Budd & Hansen); slightly open (Bunyard). Calyx-tube long, wide funnel-shaped (Hedrick).

'''Basin:''' Moderately deep, wide, abrupt, very strongly furrowed and corrugated (Hedrick); regular, large, deep, gradual, with furrows and knobs (Budd & Hansen); rather deep, ribbed (Bunyard).

'''Skin:''' Very thick, tough, smooth (Hedrick); medium thick, tenacious; surface smooth except for the ribbing (Budd & Hansen); very thick (Fisher).

'''Color:''' Light yellow, nearly to almost entirely overspread with dark, attractive red, splashed and mottled with carmine (Hedrick); yellow, washed with mixed red, splashes and broken stripes of bright crimson, with whitish bloom (Budd & Hansen); golden-yellow with dark crimson flush and stripes (Bunyard); yellowish red, sometimes striped and sometimes deep red (Lowther); green covered with red stripes (Fisher); green-red (Fisher, Bountiful Ridge seedling). Varies considerably in color in response to environment (Lowther). Dots numerous, small, yellow, some indented (Budd & Hansen, Hedrick).

'''Flesh/Flavor:''' Yellow/yellowish (Budd & Hansen, Hedrick, Fisher), firm (Bunyard, Hedrick, Fisher), a little coarse (Hedrick), tender (Budd & Hansen, Hedrick), fine in texture (Budd & Hansen), juicy (Budd & Hansen, Bunyard, Hedrick, Fisher), aromatic (Hedrick), highly flavored (Bunyard). Flavor mild subacid, very pleasant (Lowther, Budd & Hansen, Hedrick); rich, distinctive flavor regarded as the variety's chief asset (Hedrick); sweetish, very good flavor (Fisher, Bountiful Ridge seedling). Quality good to very good (Budd & Hansen, Hedrick, Fisher).

'''Core/Seeds:''' Core conical, clasping, medium (Budd & Hansen); medium in size, axile, closed with clasping core-lines (Hedrick). Seeds plump, medium, brown (Budd & Hansen); of medium size (Hedrick).

== Season ==
Early winter (Budd & Hansen); November to January (Bunyard); December to last of February (Hedrick); December–March in storage (Fisher). Lowther reports keeping them in "common storage" in good condition until March. Sources show a "lack of unanimity of opinion" on storage behavior (Lowther); fruit shipped from the Pacific Northwest has been received in prime condition in Eastern and Southern markets (Lowther).

== Uses ==
Dessert (Bunyard); very desirable for dessert with mild subacid, very pleasant flavor (Lowther). Not so highly regarded for cooking, although a very good baking apple (Lowther). A high-priced market apple at the time of writing (Lowther).

== Illustrations ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="240">
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00000346.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00001911.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00001912.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00001913.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00001914.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00001915.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00001916.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00001917.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00001918.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00001919.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00001920.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00001921.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00001922.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00002001.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00002002.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00002003.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00002004.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00002005.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00002006.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00002007.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00002008.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00002058.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00002059.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00002060.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00002061.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00002062.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00002088.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00002089.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00002090.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00002091.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00002092.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00002161.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
File:USDA_Pomological_Red_Delicious_POM00003815.jpg|USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious
</gallery>

U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705

== Sources ==
* Granville Lowther (ed.), Encyclopedia of Practical Horticulture (1914). Public domain.
* H.H. Fisher, A Survey of Apple Clones in the United States (USDA ARS, 1963). Public domain.
* U.P. Hedrick, Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits (1922). Public domain.
* J.L. Budd & N.E. Hansen, American Horticultural Manual, Part II: Systematic Pomology (1914). Public domain.
* E.A. Bunyard, A Handbook of Hardy Fruits (1920). Public domain.
* USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection, U.S. National Agricultural Library.
* 34 historical nursery catalog references (see [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/delicious-apple/ Variety Finder] for the full list).
* '''Full entry with all citations:''' [https://heritageapplecorps.org/varieties/delicious-apple/ Delicious on the Variety Finder]

== Trees of this Variety in Our Collection ==
{{#ask: [[Has variety::Red Delicious]]
|?Has orchard=Orchard
|?Has field tag=Tag
|?Has condition=Condition
|format=table
|sort=Has orchard, Has field tag
}}

[[Category:Varieties]]
[[Category:Apple Trees]]

File:USDA Pomological Red Delicious POM00003815.jpg

2026-07-01T16:53:18Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious. * '''Identifier:''' POM00003815 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00003815
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Red Delicious POM00002161.jpg

2026-07-01T16:53:03Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious. * '''Identifier:''' POM00002161 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00002161
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Red Delicious POM00002092.jpg

2026-07-01T16:52:46Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious. * '''Identifier:''' POM00002092 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00002092
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Red Delicious POM00002091.jpg

2026-07-01T16:52:29Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious. * '''Identifier:''' POM00002091 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00002091
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Red Delicious POM00002090.jpg

2026-07-01T16:52:13Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious. * '''Identifier:''' POM00002090 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00002090
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Red Delicious POM00002089.jpg

2026-07-01T16:51:58Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious. * '''Identifier:''' POM00002089 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00002089
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Red Delicious POM00002088.jpg

2026-07-01T16:51:42Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious. * '''Identifier:''' POM00002088 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00002088
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Red Delicious POM00002062.jpg

2026-07-01T16:51:26Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious. * '''Identifier:''' POM00002062 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00002062
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Red Delicious POM00002061.jpg

2026-07-01T16:51:11Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious. * '''Identifier:''' POM00002061 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00002061
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Red Delicious POM00002060.jpg

2026-07-01T16:50:53Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious. * '''Identifier:''' POM00002060 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00002060
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]

File:USDA Pomological Red Delicious POM00002059.jpg

2026-07-01T16:50:38Z

Bot: == Summary == USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious. * '''Identifier:''' POM00002059 * '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705 * '''License:''' Public Domain Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors Category:Apple variety images

== Summary ==
USDA Pomological Watercolor of Red Delicious.

* '''Identifier:''' POM00002059
* '''Source:''' U.S. Department of Agriculture Pomological Watercolor Collection. Rare and Special Collections, National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD 20705
* '''License:''' Public Domain

[[Category:USDA Pomological Watercolors]]
[[Category:Apple variety images]]