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The '''Cove Orchard''' was a pioneering fruit orchard located deep in the Crooked River canyon west of Culver, Oregon. It was the first sizeable commercial orchard in Central Oregon. The orchard and surrounding community were completely flooded in 1964 when Round Butte Dam was completed, creating Lake Billy Chinook. Today, the Cove lies approximately 200 feet beneath the surface of the reservoir, a lost piece of Jefferson County's agricultural heritage.

[[File:Cove_Orchard_Historic.jpg|thumb|400px|right|The Cove Orchard before flooding, showing rows of fruit trees with the canyon walls in the background. This orchard was submerged when Lake Billy Chinook was created in 1964.]]

== History ==

=== Early Settlement (1879-1888) ===

The original homesteader of the Cove was '''William Clark Rogers''' (also recorded as Clark Green Rogers), who probably planted some fruit trees soon after he settled there in 1879. Rogers called the plateau above his homestead the "Plains of Abraham," though early pioneers also knew it as "No Man's Land." The area later became known as "The Island" because of its isolated plateau between the Crooked and Deschutes Rivers.

Rogers and his neighbor George Osborn cultivated the land in the canyon bottom, planting gardens and fruit trees. The mild microclimate of the deep canyon, protected from harsh high-desert winds and benefiting from the moderating influence of the river, proved ideal for fruit cultivation. Logs for the early cabins were cut near Grizzly, hauled to the canyon rim, and lowered by rope to the canyon bottom.

Rogers and his daughter Martha lived at the Cove for about two years before moving on. The homestead then passed through other hands.

=== The McCallister Years (1888-1905) ===

'''T.F. "Ferd" McCallister''' acquired the Cove in 1888 and established a true commercial orchard there. Under his stewardship, the orchard expanded to include apples and peaches, which thrived in the protected canyon environment. The natural irrigation from the river and the sheltered location created growing conditions unmatched elsewhere in the high desert of Central Oregon.

=== The Boegli Orchard Era (1905-1940) ===

'''William Boegli''' purchased the Cove in 1905 and developed what became Central Oregon's first large-scale commercial fruit operation. Boegli, who would later become the first judge of Jefferson County, expanded the orchard to 11 irrigated acres and diversified the plantings to include:

* Apples (multiple varieties)
* Pears
* Apricots
* Peaches (his "Yellow Crawford" variety was particularly prized)
* Plums
* Prunes
* Grapes

In its heyday through about 1920, the Cove Orchard supplied markets in Prineville and Bend once or twice a week. Hauling the fruit up the arduous grade out of the Crooked River Canyon was challenging work, but the quality of the Cove's produce made it worthwhile.

The Cove became more than just an orchard under Boegli's ownership - it was a small, thriving community. A 1907 advertisement in the Madras Pioneer shows Boegli selling fruit at retail prices: apples at 50 cents to $1 a bushel, pears at $1.25 to $2 a bushel, peaches at 5 cents per pound or 85 cents per box, and grapes at 10 cents per pound or $1 per box.

=== State Park Era (1940-1964) ===

In 1940, William Boegli sold the Cove to the Oregon State Highway Commission. The property was developed as '''Cove State Park''', becoming a beloved destination for picnics, camping, and day trips, especially for local residents of Jefferson County. The original park land in the Crooked River Canyon was acquired by lease agreement with the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

In the 1950s, visitors drove into the Crooked River and Deschutes River canyons to see the spectacular geologic formations. The area was modestly developed for camping and day use, and the old orchard trees continued to bear fruit, providing shade and a connection to the pioneer past.

=== The Flooding (1964) ===

Between 1961 and 1964, Portland General Electric constructed '''Round Butte Dam''' near the confluence of the Crooked, Deschutes, and Metolius rivers. When the dam was completed on August 7, 1964, the rising waters of the newly-created Lake Billy Chinook slowly submerged the Cove forever.

The original campground, the historic orchard, the homestead buildings, and decades of accumulated memories disappeared beneath 200 feet of water. The Crooked River Petroglyph, an ancient Native American rock carving that had stood along the west bank of the river, was extracted in the winter of 1963 and relocated to higher ground - one of the few artifacts saved from the flooding.

== What Was Lost ==

The flooding of Lake Billy Chinook claimed:

* '''The Cove Orchard''' - 11 acres of heritage fruit trees, representing the first commercial orchard in Central Oregon
* '''Historic homestead structures''' - Buildings dating back to the 1879 Rogers homestead
* '''Cove State Park''' - The original campground and day-use facilities
* '''A unique microclimate''' - The sheltered canyon bottom that made fruit cultivation possible
* '''Pioneer history''' - Physical evidence of early agricultural experimentation in the high desert

It is historically regrettable that the varieties of fruit trees in the Boegli orchard are now unknown and unknowable. The orchard represented a living archive of late 19th and early 20th century fruit cultivation adapted to Central Oregon conditions.

== Legacy ==

Today, the throngs of fishermen, water-skiers, and pleasure boaters who flock to Lake Billy Chinook every summer are largely unaware that beneath the surface, not far from the main bridge on the Crooked River arm, the Cove and its orchards lie unmarked and forgotten.

The modern '''Cove Palisades State Park''', which surrounds Lake Billy Chinook, takes its name from this lost community. The park now encompasses approximately 5,200 acres and serves hundreds of thousands of visitors annually with campgrounds, day-use areas, and marina facilities - a far cry from the quiet canyon orchard that gave the area its name.

The Cove Orchard stands as a reminder that progress sometimes comes at a cost, and that beneath the recreational waters of Lake Billy Chinook lies a piece of Central Oregon's pioneering agricultural heritage.

== Location ==

The Cove was located deep in the Crooked River canyon, west of Culver, Oregon, at an elevation of approximately 1,745 feet - significantly lower than the surrounding high desert plateau. The site is now submerged beneath Lake Billy Chinook, on the Crooked River arm of the reservoir, approximately where the modern Crooked River Day Use Area is located above.

Approximate historical coordinates: 44.52, -121.27 (now underwater)

== See Also ==

* [[McCoin Upper]] - Another heritage orchard in Jefferson County
* [[McCoin Lower]] - Heritage orchard on the Crooked River National Grassland
* [[Cyrus Horse Camp]] - Historic homestead orchard
* [[Unique Trees]] - Heritage trees with no known variety match

== References ==

* Jefferson County Historical Society, "Six Jefferson County Homestead Orchards," ''The Agate'', Spring 2015
* Oregon State Parks, "The Cove Palisades State Park" history
* Pamplin Media Group, "Family pioneers in areas of the Cove, Haystack"
* Pamplin Media Group, "History: How the Island formed in Lake Billy Chinook"

== Historical Documents ==
* [[Media:Homestead_Orchards_Central_Oregon_Agate_2015.pdf|"The Agate" Article (2015)]] - Pages 15-16 document the Cove orchard history
''See also: [[Document Archive]]''

[[Category:Orchards]]
[[Category:Lost Orchards]]