Cooper's Market. Cooper's Redling.

Tree, vigorous, upright, with long slender branches. Productive, and a late keeper.

Fruit, medium, oblong conic; skin, yellowish, shaded with red, and striped with crimson; stem, short; cavity, deep, narrow; calyx, closed; basin, small; flesh, white, tender, with a brisk, sub-acid flavor. December to May. (Downing.)

— F.R. Elliott, The Western Fruit Book (1865)

Cooper's Market.

COOPER'S REDLING.

"Fruit medium, oblong-conic; Skin yellowish, shaded with red, and striped with crimson; Stem short, cavity deep, narrow; Calyx closed, basin small; Flesh white, tender, with a brisk sub-acid flavor; December to May." — (Downing.)

— John A. Warder, American Pomology: Apples (1867)

Cooper's Market.

Cooper's Redling. Bigley. Redling.

Tree hardy, vigorous, upright, with long slender branches, very productive and a late keeper. Valuable for market in New Jersey.

Fruit medium, oblate conic, yellowish, shaded with red and striped with crimson. Stalk short. Cavity deep, narrow. Calyx closed. Basin small. Flesh white, tender, with a brisk subacid flavor. Good. December to May.

— A.J. Downing, The Fruits and Fruit Trees of America (1900)

Cooper's Red. (Cooper's Market.) Size medium, oblong conical; shaded and striped with red on yellow; stalk short, cavity deep, narrow; basin small; flesh white, tender, with a brisk sub-acid flavor. Through winter. Shoots long, slender. Profitable, although not of highest quality, New Jersey.

— John J. Thomas, The American Fruit Culturist (1903)

COOPER MARKET.

REFERENCES. 1. Mease, Willichs Dom. Encyc., 1804. (cited by 15). 2. M'Mahon, Amer. Gard. Cal., 1806. (cited by 13). 3. Coxe, 1817:137. fig. 4. Horticulturist, 9:291. 1854. col. pl. 5. Downing, 1857:130. 6. Mag. Hort., 25:53. 1859. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 8. Warder, 1867:513. 9. Barry, 1883:344. 10. Thomas, 1885:232. 11. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 12. Wickson, 1891:247. 13. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:237. 14. Can. Hort., 16:33. 1893. 15. Ragan, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1901:49. 16. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:291. 1901. 17. Budd-Hansen, 1903:67. 18. Thomas, 1903:325. 19. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:115. 1904.

SYNONYMS. COOPER'S MARKET (4, 5, 8, 9, 12, 13). Cooper's Market (10, 18). COOPER'S RED (10). COOPER'S RED incorrectly (18). COOPER'S REDLING (6). Cooper's Redling (5, 8, 10). Etowah, incorrectly (18). REDLING (1, 2, 3). Redling (9).

Attractive in color and form but not of high quality, often somewhat deficient in size. Especially esteemed for its keeping qualities and for holding a bright color late in the season. Grown to a limited extent in commercial orchards. Desirable for supplying the general trade after the Baldwin season has closed. It may be held very late in common storage. It improves in color in the package when held in common storage, but does not show as great improvement of this kind in cold storage (19).

The tree is hardy, one of the most reliable croppers, and not slow in coming into bearing. In fact, it bears such heavy crops that it requires more than ordinary attention in pruning to make the fruit uniformly of marketable size. The fruit hangs to the tree remarkably well.

Evidently the fact that Cooper's Red is a synonym for Etowah has led some to confuse that variety with Cooper Market (18). The two are quite distinct.

Historical. This is now believed to be of Pennsylvania origin and identical with the Redling of Coxe and others (1, 2, 3, 15).

Tree.

Tree moderately vigorous to vigorous; lateral branches long, slender and rather drooping. Form upright. Twigs below medium to above, rather slender, nearly straight; internodes short to medium. Bark dull, dark brownish-red with considerable olive-green in some specimens, uniformly overlaid with a moderately heavy scarf-skin, heavily pubescent. Lenticels moderately conspicuous, slightly raised, numerous, usually large but varying to small, roundish or elliptical. Buds small, almost sunk in the bark, obtuse, rather pubescent. Scales sometimes divided.

Fruit.

Fruit medium or below, sometimes nearly large. Form roundish ovate varying to roundish conic, flattened at the base and often narrowing sharply towards the apex, pretty symmetrical. Stem medium to long, slender. Cavity acute to acuminate, deep, rather narrow, sometimes slightly furrowed, often russeted. Calyx small, closed, pubescent. Basin small, often oblique, shallow, narrow, obtuse to abrupt, somewhat furrowed, wrinkled. Skin tough, smooth, glossy, greenish-yellow, mottled and blushed with red, conspicuously splashed and striped with bright carmine and partly covered with a light bloom. Dots whitish or with russet point, numerous and small towards the cavity, scattering, large and often irregular towards the basin. In fall the color is rather dull but in ordinary storage it improves noticeably as the season advances, becoming bright red with a yellowish-green background. Calyx tube small, short, cone-shape. Stamens median to nearly marginal. Core distant, truncate, abaxile, medium; cells closed or open; often part of them are unsymmetrical; core lines slightly clasping. Carpels roundish, slightly emarginate, somewhat tufted. Seeds numerous, dark, medium to short, plump, acute. Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, very firm, a little coarse, moderately tender, juicy, brisk subacid, fair to good. Although not of high quality it is fairly good when compared with other very late keeping varieties. Season January to June.

— S.A. Beach, The Apples of New York, Vol. 1 (1905)

Cooper Market.—Tree vigorous, upright, with long slender branches; very productive.

Fruit small to medium, round oblate conic; surface greenish yellow, heavily shaded with purplish red and striped with crimson; dots few; cavity deep, narrow; stem short to medium; basin small, shallow, slightly irregular; calyx closed. Core medium, somewhat open; flesh white, tender, brisk subacid, good. December to May.

— J.L. Budd & N.E. Hansen, American Horticultural Manual, Part II: Systematic Pomology (1914)

Cooper Market. Size: medium. Form: 're'. Color: 'yv'. Quality: good. Use: market. Season: winter. Northern Division: 2 stations (reported in more than one division). Central Division: 2 stations (reported in more than one division). Southern Division: no stations reported.

— Granville Lowther (ed.), Encyclopedia of Practical Horticulture (1914)

COOPER MARKET. Cooper's Red. For nearly a century Cooper Market was a standard commercial apple in northern regions. Its chief merits are capacity to keep, attractive color and form in the fruit, and vigor, hardiness, healthfulness, and productiveness in the trees. The variety is now passing from cultivation because the apples are small and their quality is poor. The variety is thought to have originated in Pennsylvania. It was first described in 1804.

Tree vigorous, upright, lateral branches long, slender and drooping. Fruit medium or large, round-ovate to round-conic, flattened at the base and often narrowing sharply towards the apex, symmetrical; stem long, slender; cavity acuminate, deep, narrow, sometimes furrowed, often russeted; calyx small, closed, pubescent; basin small, often oblique, shallow, narrow, obtuse, furrowed, wrinkled; skin tough, smooth, glossy, greenish-yellow, mottled and blushed with red, conspicuously splashed and striped with bright carmine and covered with light bloom; dots white or with a russet point, numerous and small towards the cavity, scattering, large and irregular towards the basin; calyx-tube small, short, cone-shape; stamens median; core distant, truncate, abaxile, medium; cells closed or open, often unsymmetrical; core-lines clasping; carpels round, emarginate, tufted; seeds numerous, dark, short, plump, acute; flesh yellow, very firm, coarse, tender, juicy, brisk subacid; fair to good; January to June.

— U.P. Hedrick, Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits (1922)

Planted Spring 1890. Tree a vigorous grower and productive. Fruit of medium size, conical. Skin yellowish, shaded with light and dark red. Flesh white, juicy, crisp, brisk sub-acid, quality good. Season January and February.

— Central Experimental Farm, Central Experimental Farm, Agassiz BC — Catalogue of Fruit Trees under Test (Bulletin No. 3, 1900) (1900)