Lowland Raspberry (No. 340)—Origin, Russia. The name Lievland is the name of a Russian province (Livonia), bordering on the Baltic Sea, the above translated name is now preferred to Livland Raspberry, as suggested by Mr. Gibb—Fruit medium to large, roundish conical, regular; skin thin; surface smooth, polished, clear waxen white, striped, splashed, shaded and marbled with fine light crimson, a beautiful fruit; dots minute, greenish, obscure; cavity deep, regular, acute; stem medium; basin small, regular; calyx small, closed. Core wide open; cells abaxile, large, roomy, entire, ovate; tube funnel-shaped; stamens marginal; seeds small, short, fifteen or more, and one or more imperfect, brown black; flesh snow white, stained with red next the skin, often much colored, with red veinings, very tender, fine grained, delicate, crisp, juicy, mild, very pleasant subacid, almost sweet, excellent. August.

"LOWLAND RASPBERRY.

DESCRIPTION: Lowland Raspberry—Size, 6; form, round conical; color, orange yellow, striped, splashed and shaded with red, showing gray dots through the color; cavity, medium broad, rather deep; stem, medium; basin, small, wrinkled; calyx, closed or half open; flesh, light yellow, often stained with red, fine, tender, juicy; core medium open; flavor, subacid, good; season, August (as early as Transparent); tree, medium upright, round topped, excellent; origin, Russia.

A. G. Tuttle: There is no early apple east or west of better quality than Lowland Raspberry. The tree is perfect and a good bearer, and the fruit is handsomely colored." (Rus. Nom. Com.)

— N.E. Hansen, A Study of Northwestern Apples (1902)

Lowland Raspberry. Medium, roundish, conic, clear; waxen, white, shaded and marbled crimson; cavity narrow, acute; stem medium; basin small; flesh snow-white, tinged with pink next the skin; tender, fine-grained, crisp, juicy, sub-acid, almost sweet, quality good. Fig. 397. August. Russian.

— John J. Thomas, The American Fruit Culturist (1903)

LOWLAND RASPBERRY.

REFERENCES. 1. Gibb, Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:438. 2. Ib., Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:94. 3. Ib., Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:46. 4. Thomas, 1897:254. fig. 5. U. S. Pom. Bul., 8:18. 1899. 6. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:69. 1902. fig. 7. Budd-Hansen, 1903:117. fig.

SYNONYMS. HIMBEERAPFEL LIEVLANDER (1, 2). Himbeerapfel Lievlander (3). Himbeerapfel Livlander (3). Lievland Raspberry (7). LIVELAND RASPBERRY (4). LIVLAND RASPBERRY (3). LOWLAND RASPBERRY (6). LOWLAND Raspberry (5, 7). Lowland Raspberry (1, 2, 3). No. 340 (1, 2, 6, 7).

A Russian apple which, according to Hansen (6, 7), is medium to large, clear waxen-white, striped, shaded and marbled with light crimson; flesh white, often stained with red, fine, very tender, pleasant mild subacid, almost sweet; season August; as early as Yellow Transparent. We do not know that this variety has been tested in New York.

— S.A. Beach, The Apples of New York, Vol. 2 (1905)

Lowland Raspberry (No. 340, Lievland Raspberry).— Origin, Russia; tree medium, upright, round-topped. A. G. Tuttle of Baraboo, Wis., from his experience with many Russian apples says: "There is no early apple East or West of better quality than Lowland Raspberry. The tree is perfect and a good bearer, and the fruit is handsomely colored." Fruit medium to large, round conic, regular; surface smooth, polished, clear waxen white, striped, splashed, shaded and marbled with fine light crimson, a beautiful fruit; dots minute, greenish, obscure; cavity narrow, acute; stem medium to long; basin small, smooth, or slightly wrinkled; calyx small, closed, or half open. Core large, clasping, open; cells very large, abaxile, roomy, ovate, entire; tube wide, long, funnel-shaped; stamens marginal; seeds many, rather small, brown black; flesh white, often stained with red, very tender, fine-grained, crisp, juicy, very pleasant, mild subacid, almost sweet, excellent. August, as early as Yellow Transparent.

— J.L. Budd & N.E. Hansen, American Horticultural Manual, Part II: Systematic Pomology (1914)

Liveland Raspberry. Size: medium. Form: round. Color: ys. Quality: good. Use: both kitchen and market. Season: early autumn.

— Granville Lowther (ed.), Encyclopedia of Practical Horticulture (1914)

LOWLAND RASPBERRY. Liveland.

Lowland Raspberry, more often known as Liveland, is an early Russian apple very popular in the apple regions of the Great Plains. The fruit is beautiful and of very good quality for an early apple, surpassing all other Russian apples in both appearance and quality, but the skin is so tender that the fruit is suitable only for home use and local market. The variety was introduced from Russia about 1880. It is described in the catalogs as follows:

Tree vigorous, not large, upright, very hardy, productive. Fruit medium to large; color waxen white, striped, shaded and marbled with light carmine; flesh white, often stained with red, fine, very tender, pleasant, mild subacid, almost sweet; August or with Yellow Transparent.

— U.P. Hedrick, Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits (1922)

A red transparent apple surpassing the popular Yellow Transparent—most valuable of the Russians. Fruit medium to large, clear, waxen-white, striped, shaded, and marbled crimson; surpassingly beautiful. Flesh white, frequently tinged pink; very tender, pleasant, mild, and rich sub-acid. Its beauty and its excellent quality combined with its large size make it one of the most popular of all early summer apples. Tree hardy and long-lived, healthy and vigorous. Fruit ripens just a few days ahead of Yellow Transparent and covers a long season—several weeks. Succeeds South as well as far North; makes a long-lived orchard tree, resistant to blight; is a young bearer and retains its freshness in storage remarkably well. Has been tested everywhere; an ideal early apple for the home orchard and for local markets. Speaking of this apple for his own state, Clarence Wedge, Ex-President of the Minnesota Horticultural Society, sums up its value in these words: "It is the very best of all the early apples we have." NNCS

— Stark Bros. Nurseries & Orchards Co., Stark Bros. Year Book (1910) (1910)