NORTHWESTERN GREENING.

REFERENCES. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1885:27. 2. Rural N. Y., 44:150. 1885. figs. 3. Van Deman, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1886:271. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:245. 5. Shepherd, Can. Hort., 16:205. 1893. 6. Ib., 17:84. 1894. 7. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt. 14:254. 1895. 8. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:77. 1902. fig. 9. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:84, 90. 1902. 10. Thomas, 1897:343. 11. Budd-Hansen, 1903:138. fig. 12. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1903:95. 13. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 48:51. 1903. 14. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:135. 1904.

SYNONYMS. NORTH WEST GREENING (5, 6). NORTHWESTERN GREENING (1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13).

Attractive in color for a green or yellowish apple but apt to be variable in size and not uniform in shape. It is hardier than Rhode Island Greening and on that account some consider it worthy of cultivation in districts where the climate is too severe for the Rhode Island Greening. The fruit has a serious fault in that the flesh within the core lines is apt to be corky and discolored. It cooks evenly and quickly and when cooked has a fine yellow color but is not of high flavor or quality being much inferior in this respect to Rhode Island Greening. As a dessert apple it ranks fair to good in quality. At this Station it has not been a satisfactory keeper in common storage, the rate of loss being high in November and sometimes in December, moderate through the winter and gradually rising to high or very high in the closing weeks of its season. A large part of the fruit does not reach prime condition before January, a considerable portion of it remains sound at the close of the winter and some of it may keep till June. The tree is hardy, vigorous, a fine erect grower in the nursery, and a good strong grower in the orchard. It does not come into bearing very early but eventually becomes productive and is a reliable biennial cropper.

Historical. Originated in Waupaca county, Wisconsin. Introduced in 1872 by E. W. Daniels (1, 11). It has been pretty widely disseminated throughout the northern portions of the apple belt where very hardy trees are desired (1, 4, 5, 8, 11). It has as yet been planted but very little in New York.

TREE.

Tree vigorous with moderately long, stout, crooked branches. Form upright becoming quite roundish or spreading, inclined to droop, dense. Twigs moderately long, curved, stout with large terminal buds; internodes medium to long. Bark clear reddish-brown, lightly mottled with scarf-skin, lightly pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, medium to large, oval or elongated, raised, very conspicuous, pale and contrasting clearly with the bright smooth bark. Buds large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, projecting, slightly pubescent.

FRUIT.

Fruit medium to large or very large, variable in size and form. Form commonly roundish but varying to oblong or to oblate and often inclined to conic, more or less irregular, sometimes elliptical, sometimes ribbed. Stem medium to short. Cavity rather small to large, acute to acuminate, moderately narrow to wide, deep, often compressed or lipped, often with outspreading russet. Calyx variable, small to large, closed or open. Basin small to large, narrow to wide, usually abrupt, moderately deep, furrowed and wrinkled. Skin smooth, somewhat waxy, clear pale yellow or greenish, sometimes faintly blushed. Dots varying from small to large and irregular, usually whitish and submerged, sometimes gray with russet point. Prevailing effect clear yellow or greenish. Calyx tube moderately wide, conical or approaching urn-shape. Stamens median. Core medium or above, usually axile or nearly so; cells usually symmetrical, closed or sometimes open; core lines meeting or somewhat clasping. Carpels broadly roundish, truncate at base, narrowing toward the apex, mucronate, but slightly emarginate if at all. Seeds very small, variable in shape; often some are abortive. Flesh tinged with yellow, medium in texture, crispness and firmness, juicy, with slight aroma, mild subacid, fair to good.

— S.A. Beach, The Apples of New York, Vol. 1 (1905)

Northwestern Greening is large in size, roundish conical in form, and green in color. Quality is very good. It is suited to both kitchen and market use. Season is winter. Reported by 2 stations in the Northern Division, 7 stations in the Central Division, and 1 station in the Southern Division; the asterisk on each division count indicates the variety is reported as adapted to more than one division.

— Granville Lowther (ed.), Encyclopedia of Practical Horticulture (1914)

Northwestern Greening—Origin, Waupaca County, Wisconsin, introduced in 1872 by E. W. Daniels—Fruit large to very large, roundish oblong, slightly conical, truncated, regular; surface yellowish green, unctuous; dots white, small, some with gray bases, a few large russet dots; cavity regular, deep, acute, sometimes slightly russeted; stem rather short; basin regular, finely wrinkled around the eye; calyx open. Core closed, clasping; tube funnel-shaped, broad; stamens median; flesh greenish yellow, firm, juicy, subacid, good. All winter. J. S. Harris: "It does a little better top-worked on hardy stocks, i. e., crabs and hybrids." (Minn. Hort. Rep., 1895, p. 155.)

— N.E. Hansen, A Study of Northwestern Apples (1902)

Northwestern Greening. Tree a free grower, spreading; fruit large, oblate, inclined to conic; skin pale yellow when fully ripe; flesh coarse, juicy, mild, good. Season December to April. Wisconsin.

— John J. Thomas, The American Fruit Culturist (1903)

Northwestern Greening.—Origin, Waupaca Co., Wisconsin; introduced in 1872 by E. W. Daniels.

Fruit large to very large, roundish oblong, slightly conical, truncated, regular; surface yellowish green, unctuous; dots white, small, some with gray bases, a few large russet dots; cavity regular, deep, acute, sometimes slightly russeted; stem rather short; basin regular, finely wrinkled around the eye; calyx open. Core closed, clasping; tube funnel-shaped, broad; stamens median; flesh greenish yellow, firm, juicy, subacid, good. All winter.

J. S. Harris: "It does a little better top-worked on hardy stocks, i.e., crabs and hybrids." (Minn. Hort. Rep., 1895, p. 155.)

— J.L. Budd & N.E. Hansen, American Horticultural Manual, Part II: Systematic Pomology (1914)

NORTHWESTERN GREENING. Fig. 38. Possessed of a constitution which enables it to endure as much cold as any other apple excepting, possibly, a few Russian sorts, Northwestern Greening has found a niche in the apple flora of the cold Northwest that it fills very well. The tree grows with rapidity and vigor, and while it does not bear early, eventually becomes a reliable and productive producer. The apples are mediocre in quality, and the flesh within the core-lines is often corky and discolored. Northwestern Greening originated in Waupaca County, Wisconsin, and was first described in 1895. It plays an important part in the fruit-growing of Wisconsin and Minnesota.

Tree vigorous, upright-spreading, dense, with long, stout, crooked branches. Fruit large or very large, variable in size and form, round, oblong or oblate, often conic, more or less irregular, sometimes elliptical, sometimes ribbed; stem short; cavity small, acute, narrow, deep, often compressed or lipped, with outspreading russet; calyx variable, small, closed or open; basin small, narrow, abrupt, deep, furrowed and wrinkled; skin smooth, waxy, pale yellow, sometimes faintly blushed; dots small or large and irregular, usually white and submerged, sometimes gray with russet point; prevailing effect yellow; calyx-tube wide, conical or urnshaped; stamens median; core large, axile; cells symmetrical, closed or open; core-lines meeting; carpels broadly round, mucronate; seeds small, often abortive; flesh yellow, crisp, firm, juicy, mild subacid; fair to good; November to April.

— U.P. Hedrick, Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits (1922)