Ontario
PearOntario
Origin / History
Ontario originated in Geneva, Ontario County, New York (Elliott; Downing; Thomas). Hedrick specifies that it was raised from seed of Canandaigua in the nurseries of W. and T. Smith, Geneva, Ontario County, New York, and was first introduced at the meeting of the American Pomological Society at Rochester, New York, in 1856. It was introduced nearly seventy years before Hedrick's 1921 account, with the expectation that the crop would follow that of Bartlett and be in as great demand. While the variety did not come up to expectations, Hedrick judged it too good to discard, and it remained to be found in many collections in New York. The fruits are of the type of Bartlett but are smaller and usually lack the blush found on the fruits of Bartlett. Hedrick notes that the trees themselves are very satisfactory; the variety fails chiefly in the small size of the fruits — though he adds that the fruits are not as small as the rather poor specimens illustrated in his accompanying plate, which were grown on the grounds of the Station where the pears run below the average.
Tree
Tree vigorous and productive (Elliott; Downing). Hedrick gives a fuller account: large, vigorous, upright, open-topped, hardy, productive. Trunk stocky. Branches thick, roughish, dull reddish-brown, overspread with dark ash-gray scarf-skin, marked by small lenticels. Branchlets thick, very short, with short internodes, light brown mingled with green, smooth, glabrous, with small, raised, conspicuous lenticels.
Young wood light yellow, a shade of red next the buds (Downing). Shoots yellowish-red, rather erect (Thomas).
Leaf-buds small, short, pointed, free. Leaves 2 inches long; Hedrick's 1921 Pears of New York gives the width as 1½ inches, while his 1922 Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits gives 1¾ inches. Oval, thin, leathery, slightly curled under along the margins (1921); apex abruptly pointed; margin glandular toward the apex, very finely serrate. Petiole 1½ inches long (1921) or 1¾ inches long (1922).
Flower-buds small, short, conical or pointed, plump, free, singly or in small clusters on short branches or very short spurs. Flowers 1⅛ inches across (1921) or 1⅜ inches across (1922), in a scattering raceme, from 8 to 10 buds in a cluster. Pedicels 1½ inches long, slender, pubescent, light green.
Fruit
Size
Medium (Elliott; Downing), medium or rather large (Thomas), medium (Hedrick). Hedrick gives precise dimensions: 2¼ inches long, 1⅞ inches wide (1921) or 1¾ inches wide (1922); uniform in size and shape. Smaller than Bartlett, which Hedrick identifies as the chief shortcoming of the variety.
Form
Elongated obtuse pyriform, somewhat irregular (Elliott). Oblong ovate pyriform (Downing). Oblong-pyriform, somewhat Bartlett-shaped but more obovate, sometimes faintly ribbed, somewhat irregular (Thomas). Oblong-pyriform, with sides usually unequal (Hedrick).
Stem
Long, curved, inserted by a fleshy ring in a rather large depression (Elliott). Long, inserted in a small cavity, with a ring or lip (Downing). About an inch long (Thomas). ¾ inch long, thick (Hedrick).
Cavity
Sources disagree on the cavity's size: Elliott describes it as a rather large depression, while Downing describes a small cavity, Thomas a small, irregular cavity, and Hedrick an obtuse, shallow, narrow cavity, often russeted and lipped. Elliott and Downing both note that the stem is inserted with a fleshy ring or lip in the cavity.
Calyx
Partially closed, or open, in a shallow, irregular, corrugated basin (Elliott). Open, with long recurved segments (Downing). Open or partly closed; basin wrinkled (Thomas). Calyx open; lobes separated at the base, narrow, acute; basin shallow to medium, obtuse, gently furrowed, sometimes compressed (Hedrick).
Skin
Pale yellow, thickly covered with gray or green dots (Elliott). Pale yellow, thickly dotted with minute brown and green dots, and slightly netted with russet (Downing). Pale yellow, thickly dotted (Thomas). Smooth, dull; color pale yellow, with small patches and streaks of light-colored russet; dots numerous, very small, russet, obscure (Hedrick). Bartlett-type fruits but usually lacking the blush found on Bartlett (Hedrick).
Flesh / Flavor
White, granular, juicy, almost melting, with a sweet pleasant flavor (Elliott). Whitish, slightly veined with yellow, melting, juicy, buttery, slightly granulous, sweet; good to very good (Downing). Buttery, melting, with a mild, pleasant, agreeable flavor (Thomas). Whitish, with a yellow tinge at the core, granular, firm but tender, juicy, sweet, slightly aromatic; quality good (Hedrick).
Core / Seeds
Core closed, with clasping core-lines; calyx-tube short, wide, conical; seeds large, wide, long, plump, acute (Hedrick). Not described in the other sources.
Season
Ripens last of September (Elliott; Downing). First of October (Thomas). In season from the middle to the last of September (Hedrick).
Uses
Said to be a valuable market variety (Elliott). Introduced with the expectation that it would follow Bartlett in commercial demand, though it did not fully realize this commercial promise (Hedrick).
Subtypes / Variants
Not described in source.
Other
Thomas references Fig. 705; Hedrick (1921) cites prior figured accounts in American Pomological Society Report (1856), Downing's Fruits and Fruit Trees of America (1857, p. 529; 1869, p. 824), Horticulturist N. S. 7:112 (1857) and 23:331, fig. 102 (1868), Magazine of Horticulture 23:110, fig. 3 (1857), Mas Le Verger 3: Pt. 2, 85, fig. 139 (1866–73), and Thomas American Fruit Culturist 463, fig. 672 (1897).
Book Sources
Described in 5 period pomological works
View original book sources (5)
— F.R. Elliott, The Western Fruit Book (1865)Ontario.
Origin, Geneva, Ontario County, N. Y. Tree vigorous and productive, said to be a valuable market variety.
Fruit, medium, elongated obtuse pyriform, somewhat irregular ; skin, pale yellow, thickly covered with gray or green dots ; stalk, long, curved, inserted by a fleshy ring in a rather large depression ; calyx, partially closed, or open in a shallow, irregular, corrugated basin ; flesh, white, granular, juicy, almost melting, with a sweet pleasant flavor. Ripens last of September. (Downing.)
— A.J. Downing, The Fruits and Fruit Trees of America (1900)Ontario.
Origin, Geneva, Ontario Co., N. Y. Tree vigorous and productive. Young wood light yellow, a shade of red next the buds.
Fruit medium, oblong ovate pyriform, pale yellow, thickly dotted with minute brown and green dots, and slightly netted with russet. Stalk long, inserted in a small cavity, with a ring or lip. Calyx open, with long recurved segments. Flesh whitish, slightly veined with yellow, melting, juicy, buttery, slightly granulous, sweet. Good to very good. Last September.
— John J. Thomas, The American Fruit Culturist (1903)Ontario. Medium or rather large, oblong-pyriform (somewhat Bartlett-shaped, but more obovate), sometimes faintly ribbed, somewhat irregular; pale yellow, thickly dotted; stalk an inch long; cavity small, irregular; calyx open or partly closed; basin wrinkled; flesh buttery, melting, with a mild, pleasant, agreeable flavor. First of October. Shoots yellowish-red, rather erect. Geneva, N. Y. Fig. 705.
— U.P. Hedrick, The Pears of New York (1921)ONTARIO
- Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 200, fig. 1856. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 529. 1857. 3. Horticulturist N. S. 7:112, fig. 1857. 4. Mag. Hort. 23:110, fig. 3. 1857. 5. Mas Le Verger 3: Pt. 2, 85, fig. 139. 1866-73. 6. Horticulturist 23:331, fig. 102. 1868. 7. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 824. 1869. 8. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 463, fig. 672. 1897.
This variety was introduced nearly seventy years ago with the expectation that the crop would follow that of Bartlett and be in as great demand. While the variety did not come up to expectations, it seems to have been too good to discard, and is to be found in many collections in New York. The fruits are of the type of Bartlett, but are smaller and usually lack the blush found on the fruits of Bartlett. The trees are very satisfactory. The variety fails chiefly in the small size of the fruits, although these are not as small as the rather poor specimens illustrated in the accompanying plate, which were grown on the grounds of this Station where the pears run below the average.
This variety was raised from seed of Canandaigua in the nurseries of W. and T. Smith, Geneva, Ontario County, New York, and was first introduced at the meeting of the American Pomological Society, Rochester, New York, in 1856.
Tree large, vigorous, upright, open-topped, hardy, productive; trunk stocky; branches thick, roughish, dull reddish-brown, overspread with dark ash-gray scarf-skin, marked by small lenticels; branchlets thick, very short, with short internodes, light brown mingled with green, smooth, glabrous, with small, raised, conspicuous lenticels.
Leaf-buds small, short, pointed, free. Leaves 2 in. long, 1½ in. wide, oval, thin, leathery, slightly curled under along the margins; apex abruptly pointed; margin glandular toward the apex, very finely serrate; petiole 1½ in. long. Flower-buds small, short, conical or pointed, plump, free, singly or in small clusters on short branches or very short spurs; flowers 1⅛ in. across, in a scattering raceme, from 8 to 10 buds in a cluster; pedicels 1½ in. long, slender, pubescent, light green.
Fruit in season from the middle to the last of September; medium in size, 2¼ in. long, 1⅞ in. wide, uniform in size and shape, oblong-pyriform, with sides usually unequal; stem ¾ in. long, thick; cavity obtuse, shallow, narrow, often russeted and lipped; calyx open; lobes separated at the base, narrow, acute; basin shallow to medium, obtuse, gently furrowed, sometimes compressed; skin smooth, dull; color pale yellow, with small patches and streaks of light-colored russet; dots numerous, very small, russet, obscure; flesh whitish, with a yellow tinge at the core, granular, firm but tender, juicy, sweet, slightly aromatic; quality good. Core closed, with clasping core-lines; calyx-tube short, wide, conical; seeds large, wide, long, plump, acute.
— U.P. Hedrick, Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits (1922)ONTARIO. Ontario was introduced nearly seventy years ago with the expectation that the crop would follow that of Bartlett and be in as great demand. While the variety has not come up to expectations, it is too good to discard. The fruits are of the type of Bartlett, but are smaller and usually lack the blush. The trees are very satisfactory. The variety fails chiefly in the small size of the fruits. Ontario was raised from seed in the nurseries of W. & T. Smith, Geneva, New York.
Tree large, vigorous, upright, open-topped, hardy, productive; trunk stocky; branches thick, roughish, dull reddish-brown, marked by small lenticels. Leaves 2 inches long, 1¾ inches wide, oval, thin, leathery; apex abruptly pointed; margin glandular toward the apex, very finely serrate; petiole 1¾ inches long. Flowers 1⅜ inches across, in a scattering raceme, from 8 to 10 buds in a cluster. Fruit in season from the middle to the last of September; medium in size, 2¼ inches long, 1¾ inches wide, uniform in size and shape, oblong-pyriform, with sides usually unequal; stem ¾ inch long, thick; cavity obtuse, shallow, narrow, often russeted and lipped; calyx open; lobes separated at the base, narrow, acute; basin shallow to medium, obtuse, gently furrowed, sometimes compressed; skin smooth, dull; color pale yellow with small patches and streaks of light colored russet; dots numerous, very small, russet, obscure; flesh whitish, with a yellow tinge at the core, granular, firm but tender, juicy, sweet, slightly aromatic; quality good; core closed, with clasping core-lines; calyx-tube short, wide, conical; seeds large, wide, long, plump, acute.