PATTEN.

REFERENCES. 1. Watrous, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1889:124. 2. Patten, C. G., Descriptive Circular, 1891. 3. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892:60. 4. Me. Sta. Rpt., 1892:90. 5. Macoun, Can. Hort., 22:396. 1899. 6. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:19. 7. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1901:98. 8. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:84. 1902. 9. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:81. 1902. fig. 10. Budd-Hansen, 1903:145. fig. 11. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 56:226. 1905.

SYNONYMS. Duchess No. 3 (2, 9, 10). PATTEN (11). Patten's Duchess No. 3 (11). PATTEN GREENING (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). Patten Greening (11). PATTEN Greening (10).

A seedling of Oldenburg which, on account of its hardiness, productiveness and the uniformly large size of its fruit is valuable in the northern portions of the apple-growing regions of the country (1, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10). It is grown as far north as the Red River valley of Minnesota and North Dakota and in other regions where the winters are correspondingly severe. It is attractive in color for a green apple, has a sprightly subacid flavor and good texture and is very good in quality for culinary use. The tree is a somewhat stronger grower than Oldenburg, with limbs strongly shouldered (2, 9, 10). As grown at this Station it comes into bearing moderately young and is an annual cropper, yielding moderate to full crops. It is worthy of trial in the colder regions of the state.

Historical. Originated by C. G. Patten, Charles City, Ia. (2), who states that it is a seedling of the Oldenburg from seed grown near Portage, Wis., and planted by him at Charles City, Ia., in the fall of 1869. It was first illustrated and described in the catalogue of the originator in the autumn of 1885 when stock of this variety was first offered for sale. In 1899 it was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society as a valuable variety for the Upper Mississippi valley (6). It has as yet been but little disseminated in New York.

TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with moderately long, somewhat stout, curved, drooping branches. Form spreading, dense, flat. Twigs rather short, somewhat curved, moderately stout or rather slender; internodes medium to long. Bark brownish-red with some olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, roundish, sometimes raised. Buds medium size, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent.

FRUIT. Fruit medium to large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form oblate or roundish oblate, sometimes inclined to conic, usually regular, pretty symmetrical. Stem very short to medium in length, moderately thick. Cavity acuminate, deep or sometimes medium in depth, rather broad or compressed, russeted and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx large or very large, closed or somewhat open. Basin deep to medium in depth, medium in width, often abrupt, usually smooth and symmetrical. Skin moderately thin, tough, smooth, clear pale greenish-yellow, sometimes blushed and occasionally faintly striped. Dots small, numerous, pale and submerged or brownish. Calyx tube conical to funnel-shape. Stamens median to basal. Core below medium to small, axile or somewhat abaxile; cells sometimes unsymmetrical, closed or partly open; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish, irregular. Seeds dark brown, medium or above, plump, obtuse. Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately firm, a little coarse, rather tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, good in quality especially for culinary purposes. Season October to January.

— S.A. Beach, The Apples of New York, Vol. 2 (1905)

Patten Greening (Duchess No. 3)—A seedling of Oldenburg; seed grown near Portage, Wisconsin, and planted in fall of 1869, by C. G. Patten, Charles City, Iowa; tree productive, of somewhat stronger growth than Oldenburg, with limbs strongly shouldered. The Minnesota State Horticultural Society has recently put it on the list recommended for general cultivation as of first degree of hardiness—Fruit large, roundish oblate, irregular, obscurely angular; surface yellowish green, with bronze blush; dots minute, white, mostly with green bases on shaded side; cavity regular, acute, russeted; stem short to very short; basin broad, slightly wavy, abrupt; calyx open. Core closed, small, clasping; tube narrow, funnel-shaped; stamens median; flesh white, juicy, sprightly subacid, good for table, excellent for cooking. October to January. At state fair displays the green dots readily distinguish this variety from McMahon which has white dots.

— N.E. Hansen, A Study of Northwestern Apples (1902)

Patten Greening (Duchess No. 3). — A seedling of Oldenburg; seed grown near Portage, Wis., and planted in fall of 1869 by C. G. Patten, Charles City, Iowa; tree productive, of somewhat stronger growth than Oldenburg, with limbs strongly shouldered. The Minnesota State Horticultural Society has recently put it on the list recommended for general cultivation as of first degree of hardiness.

Fruit large, roundish oblate, irregular, obscurely angular; surface yellowish green, with bronze blush; dots minute, white, mostly with green bases on shaded side; cavity regular, acute, russeted; stem short to very short; basin broad, slightly wavy, abrupt; calyx open. Core closed, small, clasping; tube narrow, funnel-shaped; stamens median; flesh white, juicy, sprightly subacid, good for table, excellent for cooking. October to January.

— J.L. Budd & N.E. Hansen, American Horticultural Manual, Part II: Systematic Pomology (1914)

PATTEN.

Patten Greening.

Patten is a seedling of Oldenburg, which it resembles in shape and flavor of fruit and in tree-characters. The color of the fruit, however, is green. The variety is much grown in cold regions where the apple-list is short. Patten originated from seed of Oldenburg planted by C. G. Patten, Charles City, Iowa, about 1885.

Tree vigorous, spreading, dense, flat, with long, stout, curved, drooping branches. Fruit medium to large, uniform in size and shape, oblate or round-oblate, sometimes conic, usually regular, symmetrical; stem short, thick; cavity acuminate, deep, broad or compressed, russeted and with outspreading russet rays; calyx large or very large, closed or open; basin deep, medium in width, abrupt, usually smooth and symmetrical; skin thin, tough, smooth, pale greenish-yellow, sometimes blushed and occasionally faintly striped; dots small, numerous, pale and submerged; calyx-tube conical; stamens median; core small, axile or abaxile; cells symmetrical, closed or partly open; core-lines clasping; carpels round, irregular; seeds dark brown, plump, obtuse; flesh yellow, firm, coarse, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid; good; October to January.

— U.P. Hedrick, Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits (1922)