Jacobs Sweet
AppleJacobs Sweet
Origin / History
Originated by Charles Sumner Jacobs, Medford, Massachusetts, about 1860 (Beach, citing Manning). Thomas and Budd and Hansen likewise give Medford. Beach records it as but sparingly disseminated in New York state. Hedrick calls it best known in New England. Thomas calls it "An excellent winter sweet."
Budd and Hansen say it resembles Sweet Bough in habit of growth and in the texture and feeling of the skin, but has more blush and is a late keeper. Beach says it somewhat resembles Bough Sweet in form, color, and texture. Hedrick writes that Jacobs Sweet "has many of the qualities which have made its more widely-known rival, Sweet Bough, a universal favorite," and that the apples of the two are much alike in color, form, and texture. He names the fruit's faults: very tender, cracking easily, susceptible to the scab-fungus, unreliable in keeping, and greatly variable in season. In his judgment these show "why Sweet Bough is generally thought to be the better apple."
Planted under test at the Central Experimental Farm, Agassiz, British Columbia, in spring 1893.
Tree
Tree medium to large, vigorous, spreading. Not a very satisfactory grower in the nursery, but vigorous in the orchard. Twigs short to rather long, rather stout, straight or slightly curved; internodes medium to short. Bark clear light brownish-red with some olive-green, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; rather pubescent. Lenticels rather inconspicuous, rather scattering, small, elongated, sometimes raised. Buds lightly attached to the bark or free, medium or below, very prominent, fleshy, broad, obtuse, pubescent. Comes into bearing moderately young; almost an annual bearer, often yielding rather heavy crops (Beach).
Fruit
Size: Medium to very large; "A large showy apple" (Beach). Most authors give large or very large, Beach's range beginning at above medium. Thomas gives medium to large.
Form: Roundish, often inclined to conic, sometimes slightly oblate, pretty symmetrical. Thomas calls it roundish-oblate, and Budd and Hansen round oblate, somewhat conical.
Stem: Medium to short.
Cavity: Large, rather wide, moderately deep to deep, acute or approaching acuminate; sometimes slightly furrowed or compressed; seldom russeted.
Calyx: Medium, closed or partly open (Beach); open (Budd and Hansen). Calyx tube cone-shape or conical, or somewhat funnel-form. Stamens median to basal (Beach).
Basin: Often abrupt, usually round, medium in width and depth (Beach). Budd and Hansen call it deep and smooth.
Skin: Tough, somewhat waxen, rather glossy. Clear yellow, light yellow, yellowish, greenish, or green, often with a bright blush; Thomas calls it occasionally blushed. The blush is red or brownish-red (Budd and Hansen) or dull red (Agassiz). Budd and Hansen also call the surface often much russeted. The fruit is very tender, liable to crack and spot, and susceptible to the scab-fungus.
Dots: White or whitish, greenish, or russet. Thomas calls them numerous, large, and greenish, and Budd and Hansen large and distinct; Beach calls them obscure.
Flesh and flavor: White, or whitish tinged with yellow; crisp, firm to moderately firm, somewhat to moderately coarse, tender to very tender. Juicy to moderately juicy (Agassiz). Slightly aromatic, sweet to very sweet. Budd and Hansen call it "very rich." Quality good; Thomas has "somewhat coarse, but good."
Core and seeds: Core rather large, somewhat abaxile; cells pretty symmetrical, open or partly closed; core lines slightly clasping. Carpels large, roundish to broadly obovate. Seeds numerous, medium, acute (Beach). Budd and Hansen call the core small and closed.
Season
The recorded season runs from October into April. Most authors give October or November through late winter or March, with Beach extending it to March or April. The Agassiz station gives December and January. Beach calls it an unreliable keeper, rather variable in season, commonly in season about with Pumpkin Sweet or Tompkins King. It rots on the tree and also in storage. Its commercial limit varies from October to December or later in cellar storage, and from January to March in cold storage (Beach).
Uses
One of the best sweet apples of its season for baking (Beach); "Excellent for table or baking" (Budd and Hansen). Beach recommends it for the home orchard but not for general commercial planting.
Subtypes / Variants
Not described in source.
Other
Not described in source.
Book Sources
Described in 4 period pomological works
Nursery Catalog Sources
Found in 5 catalogs (1896–1913) from Illinois, New Jersey, New York
- The Lovett Company , Little Silver , New Jersey — 1896 — listed as Jacob's Sweet
- Central Experimental Farm , Dominion Department of Agriculture, Agassiz, British Columbia (under test; Bulletin No. 3, Second Series) — 1900 — listed as Jacob's Sweet
- Benjamin Buckman (personal inventory) , Farmingdale , Illinois — 1901 — listed as Jacob's Sweet
- Samuel Fraser , Geneseo , New York — 1913 — listed as Jacob's Sweet
- Benjamin Buckman (personal inventory) , Farmingdale , Illinois — 1913 — listed as Jacob's Sweet
View original book sources (5)
— John J. Thomas, The American Fruit Culturist (1903)Jacobs Sweet.* Tree vigorous, spreading; fruit medium to large, roundish-oblate; light yellow with numerous large greenish dots, occasionally blushed; flesh white, crisp, somewhat coarse, but good. November to late winter. An excellent winter sweet. Medford, Mass.
— S.A. Beach, The Apples of New York, Vol. 1 (1905)JACOBS SWEET.
REFERENCES. 1. Manning, Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1880:235. 2. Ib., Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1885:28. 3. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:242. 4. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:253. 1895. 5. Ib., West. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1896:52. 6. Manning, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1899:185. 7. Budd-Hansen, 1903:105. 8. Rural N. Y., 62:771. 1903. fig. 9. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 48:45. 1903. 10. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:126. 1904.
SYNONYMS. JACOBS (4, 5, 9). JACOB'S SWEET (1, 2, 3). Jacobs Sweet (9). JACOB'S WINTER SWEET (3). Jacobs' Winter Sweet (4).
A large showy apple, green or yellowish often with bright blush. In form, color and texture it somewhat resembles Bough Sweet. It is one of the best sweet apples of its season for baking. The fruit is very tender and liable to crack and spot. It rots on the tree and also in storage. It is an unreliable keeper and rather variable in season but commonly is in season about with Pumpkin Sweet or Tompkins King. Its commercial limit varies from October to December or later in cellar storage and from January to March in cold storage (9, 10). The tree is not a very satisfactory grower in the nursery but in the orchard it is vigorous, comes into bearing moderately young and is almost an annual bearer often yielding rather heavy crops. It is recommended for the home orchard but not for general commercial planting.
Historical. Originated by Charles Sumner Jacobs, Medford, Massachusetts, about 1860 (1, 2). It has been but sparingly disseminated in New York state.
TREE.
Tree medium to large, vigorous. Form spreading. Twigs short to rather long, rather stout, straight or slightly curved; internodes medium to short. Bark clear light brownish-red with some olive-green, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; rather pubescent. Lenticels rather inconspicuous, rather scattering, small, elongated, sometimes raised. Buds lightly attached to the bark or free, medium or below, very prominent, fleshy, broad, obtuse, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit above medium to large or very large. Form roundish often inclined to conic, sometimes slightly oblate, pretty symmetrical. Stem medium to short. Cavity rather wide, moderately deep to deep, acute or approaching acuminate, sometimes slightly furrowed or compressed, seldom russeted. Calyx medium, closed or partly open. Basin often abrupt, usually round, medium in width and depth. Skin tough, somewhat waxen, rather glossy, clear yellow or greenish, often with a bright blush. Dots obscure, whitish or russet. Calyx tube cone-shape or somewhat funnel-form. Stamens median to basal. Core rather large, somewhat abaxile; cells pretty symmetrical, open or partly closed; core lines slightly clasping. Carpels large, roundish to broadly obovate. Seeds numerous, medium, acute. Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, moderately firm, moderately coarse, very tender, crisp, juicy, slightly aromatic, very sweet, good.
Season October to March or April.
— J.L. Budd & N.E. Hansen, American Horticultural Manual, Part II: Systematic Pomology (1914)Jacobs Sweet. — Origin, Medford, Massachusetts; resembles Sweet Bough in habit of growth, in texture and feeling of skin, but has more blush and is a late keeper.
Fruit large to very large, round oblate, somewhat conical; surface yellow, with red or brownish-red blush, often much russeted; dots white, large, distinct; cavity large, wide; stem medium; basin deep, smooth; calyx open. Core small, closed; tube conical; flesh white, firm, very rich, juicy, sweet. Excellent for table or baking. October to March.
— U.P. Hedrick, Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits (1922)JACOBS SWEET. Jacobs Winter Sweet. Jacobs Sweet has many of the qualities which have made its more widely-known rival, Sweet Bough, a universal favorite. The apples of the two, in color, form, and texture are much alike. The fruits of this variety are very tender, crack easily, and are susceptible to the scab-fungus. Add to these faults, unreliability in keeping and great variability in season, and it may be seen why Sweet Bough is generally thought to be the better apple. The variety is best known in New England, where it originated at Medford, Massachusetts, about 1860.
Tree medium to large, vigorous, spreading. Fruit medium to large, round, inclined to conic, sometimes oblate, symmetrical; stem short; cavity wide, deep, acute, sometimes furrowed or compressed, seldom russeted; calyx closed or partly open; basin often abrupt, round, medium in width and depth; skin tough, waxen, glossy, yellow with a bright blush; dots obscure white or russet; calyx-tube cone-shape; stamens median; core large, abaxile; cells symmetrical, open or partly closed; core-lines clasping; carpels large, round to broad-obovate; seeds numerous, acute; flesh yellow, firm, coarse, very tender, crisp, juicy, aromatic, very sweet; good; October to April.
— Central Experimental Farm, Central Experimental Farm, Agassiz BC — Catalogue of Fruit Trees under Test (Bulletin No. 3, 1900) (1900)Planted Spring 1893. Tree a vigorous grower. Fruit very large, roundish, conical. Skin green with a dull red blush. Flesh white, crisp, moderately juicy, tender, sweet, quality good. Season December and January.