Paul Imperial
Crab ApplePaul Imperial
Origin / History
Paul Imperial is an English crab introduced by Paul and Son, Cheshunt, England. Beach, citing the Ellwanger and Barry catalog of 1888, records it as a cross between Red Astrachan and Siberian Crab. Hedrick says it is "said to be" that cross, and records that Ellwanger & Barry of Rochester, New York, imported it in 1888. Thomas (1903) lists it under the name "Paul's Imperial." The Central Experimental Farm at Agassiz, British Columbia, planted it under test in spring 1895.
Beach judges it of very good general appearance but less attractive in size and color than Hyslop and inferior to Martha in quality. Hedrick likewise finds the fruit less attractive than that of several American crab-apples, falling short in both size and color, and "not so good in quality."
Tree
Tree vigorous to moderately vigorous; Agassiz records it as a strong grower. The tree is below medium size (Beach) or only medium in size (Hedrick). Branches short, stout, crooked, with numerous small spurs. Form spreading, flat, open. Twigs olive-green tinged with brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium to large, oval, slightly raised. Buds large, prominent, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
Comes into bearing rather young. Beach calls it a reliable annual cropper, and Hedrick calls it very productive.
Fruit
Size: Small to above medium, uniform in size but not in shape. The Agassiz station alone records it as above medium size.
Form: Somewhat irregular; usually oblate, often irregularly elliptical, strongly ribbed; sides unequal. Round, flatish at Agassiz.
Stem: Long to medium, slender.
Cavity: Obtuse to acute, moderately deep, broad, furrowed, not russeted.
Calyx: Large, closed, prominent, persistent; lobes long, moderately broad. Calyx tube small, short, moderately wide, urn-shape; stamens nearly marginal (Beach).
Basin: Very shallow, wide, obtuse, furrowed and wrinkled, sometimes mammillate.
Skin: Thin, rather tender, smooth; yellow, nearly or often entirely covered with bright to dark bright red, with but little of the yellow ground exposed; overspread with a blue bloom. At Agassiz the ground is recorded as yellowish white, nearly covered with purple and a bluish bloom.
Dots: Very small, numerous, indistinct, light.
Flesh and flavor: Flesh yellowish, sometimes stained with pink; firm, moderately coarse, crisp, rather tough, juicy. Flavor brisk subacid, less astringent than Red Siberian (Beach); Thomas calls it acid. Quality "good" (Beach).
Core and seeds: Core rather large, axile or nearly so; cells closed or slightly open; core lines meeting. Carpels nearly roundish, narrowing toward apex, tufted. Seeds below medium size, moderately wide, acute, light brown.
Season
Early; the recorded season runs from August into October. Beach calls it a September variety, in season about with Transcendent, and gives September and October. At Agassiz it ripened in August.
Uses
Not described in source.
Subtypes / Variants
Not described in source.
Other
Not described in source.
Book Sources
Described in 3 period pomological works
Nursery Catalog Sources
Found in 10 catalogs (1889–1909) from California, England, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pennsylvania
- California Nursery Co. , Niles , California — 1889 — listed as Paul's Imperial
- William H. Moon Co. , Morrisville, Bucks County , Pennsylvania — 1890 — listed as Paul's Imperial
- Rogers Nursery Co. , Moorestown , New Jersey — 1893 — listed as Paul's Imperial
- Sherwood Hall Nursery Co. , Timothy Hopkins (Menlo Park Nurseries), San Francisco / Menlo Park , California — 1893 — listed as Paul's Imperial
- Reading Nursery , Jacob W. Manning, Proprietor, Reading , Massachusetts — 1898 — listed as Paul's Imperial
- Brown Brothers Co. , Continental Nurseries, Rochester, NY (also operated from Toronto, Canada) — 1899 — listed as Paul's Imperial
- George Bunyard & Co. , Royal Nurseries, Maidstone, Kent , England — 1900 — listed as Paul's Imperial
- Central Experimental Farm , Dominion Department of Agriculture, Agassiz, British Columbia (under test; Bulletin No. 3, Second Series) — 1900 — listed as Paul's Imperial
- Brown Brothers Co. , Continental Nurseries, Rochester, NY (also operated from Toronto, Canada) — 1901 — listed as Paul's Imperial
- Wm. J. Corse (successor to Robert Sinclair / Sinclair Nurseries) , Baltimore , Maryland — 1909 — listed as Paul's Imperial
View original book sources (4)
— John J. Thomas, The American Fruit Culturist (1903)Paul's Imperial. Medium, yellow, nearly covered with bright red, acid. Ripens early. Tree vigorous.
— S.A. Beach, The Apples of New York, Vol. 2 (1905)PAUL IMPERIAL.
REFERENCES. 1. Ellwanger and Barry, Cat., 1888:14. 2. Thomas, 1897:299.
SYNONYMS. None.
A September variety in season about with Transcendent; somewhat irregular in shape; of very good general appearance but less attractive in size and color than Hyslop and inferior to Martha in quality. The tree is below medium size, comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable annual cropper.
Historical. Introduced by Paul and Son, Cheshunt, England. A cross between the Red Astrachan and Siberian Crab (1).
TREE.
Tree moderately vigorous with short, stout, crooked branches having numerous small spurs. Form spreading, flat, open. Twigs olive-green tinged with brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium to large, oval, slightly raised. Buds large, prominent, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit small to medium, uniform in size but not in shape. Form usually oblate, often irregularly elliptical, strongly ribbed; sides unequal. Stem long to medium, slender. Cavity obtuse to acute, moderately deep, broad, furrowed, not russeted. Calyx large, closed, prominent, persistent; lobes long, moderately broad. Basin very shallow, wide, obtuse, furrowed and wrinkled and sometimes mammillate. Skin thin, rather tender, smooth, yellow, often entirely covered with dark bright red or with but little of the yellow ground color exposed, overspread with blue bloom. Dots very small, numerous, indistinct, light. Calyx tube small, short, moderately wide, urn-shape. Stamens nearly marginal. Core rather large, axile or nearly so; cells closed or slightly open; core lines meeting. Carpels nearly roundish, narrowing toward apex, tufted. Seeds below medium size, moderately wide, acute, light brown. Flesh yellowish sometimes stained with pink, firm, moderately coarse, crisp, rather tough, juicy, brisk subacid, less astringent than Red Siberian, good. Season September and October.
— U.P. Hedrick, Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits (1922)PAUL IMPERIAL.
Paul Imperial is an English crab imported in 1888 by Ellwanger & Barry, Rochester, New York. The fruits are less attractive in appearance than those of several American crab-apples, falling short both in size and color, and are not so good in quality. The trees are only medium in size, but come in bearing young, and are very productive. This variety is said to be a cross between Red Astrachan and Siberian crab.
Tree vigorous, spreading, open, with short, stout, crooked branches having numerous small spurs. Fruit small, uniform in size but not in shape, usually oblate, often irregularly elliptical, strongly ribbed, sides unequal ; stem long, slender ; cavity obtuse, deep, broad, furrowed, not russeted ; calyx large, closed, prominent, persistent ; lobes long, broad ; basin shallow, wide, obtuse, furrowed and wrinkled and sometimes mammillate ; skin thin, tender, smooth, yellow, often covered with dark red, overspread with bloom ; dots numerous, indistinct, light ; calyx-tube small, short, wide, urnshape ; stamens marginal ; core large, axile ; cells closed or open ; core-lines meeting ; carpels round, narrowing toward apex, tufted ; seeds small, wide, acute, light brown ; flesh yellow sometimes stained with red, firm, coarse, crisp, tough, juicy, brisk subacid ; good ; September and October.
— Central Experimental Farm, Central Experimental Farm, Agassiz BC — Catalogue of Fruit Trees under Test (Bulletin No. 3, 1900) (1900)Planted Spring 1895. Tree a strong grower. Fruit above medium size, round, flatish. Colour yellowish white, nearly covered with purple and a bluish bloom. Season August.