CLASS III.— ROUND APPLES. ORDER II.— IRREGULAR. SECTION 1.— SWEET. SUB-SECTION 2.— STRIPED.

From Wyoming County, New York. Tree vigorous, productive.

Fruit large, round, sometimes flattened, sometimes angular or ribbed; Surface smooth, mottled, mixed and striped deep red; Dots numerous, large, gray.

Basin narrow, abrupt, regular or folded; Eye small, closed.

Cavity regular, acute green; Stem long.

Core rather large, turbinate, open, clasping; Seeds numerous, angular, dark; Flesh yellow, tender, fine-grained, juicy; Flavor very sweet, rich; Quality good to very good; Use, kitchen, table; Season, October.

A very valuable variety also for stock.

"Origin unknown; good grower, and very productive.

"Fruit above medium, roundish, approaching conic, sometimes elongated, angular; Skin greenish yellow, shaded and splashed with crimson, sprinkled with gray dots; Stem short, inserted in a broad, shallow cavity; Calyx closed, set in a small corrugated basin; Flesh yel-

— John A. Warder, American Pomology: Apples (1867)

Bailey's Sweet. Edgerly's Sweet. Howard's Sweet. Paterson's Sweet. Origin unknown, introduced by J. Edgerly of Perry, Wyoming Co., N. Y. Tree hardy, vigorous, upright, spreading, productive. This variety is regarded as profitable for all purposes, although perhaps a little too tender skin for shipping long distances. Fruit large, form roundish conical, often approaching oblong, obscurely ribbed, color yellowish, mostly shaded and obscurely striped with red, and thickly sprinkled with minute dots. Stalk short and rather small, inserted in a narrow cavity. Calyx small, closed, set in a narrow irregular basin. Flesh white, tender, not very juicy, almost melting, with a honeyed sweet flavor. Core rather large. Very good. November to March.

— A.J. Downing, The Fruits and Fruit Trees of America (1900)

BAILEY SWEET.

REFERENCES. 1. Thomas, 1849:159. 2. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:59. 1851. 3. Downing, 1857:116. 4. Elliott, 1858:121. 5. Warder, 1867:633. fig. 6. Downing, 1872:84. 7. Barry, 1883:342. 8. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:288. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:234. 10. Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 1901:287. 11. Fulton, Mich. Sta. Bul., 187:85. 1901. 12. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:27. 1902. 13. Thomas, 1903:319. 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903:42. fig. 15. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:111. 1904. 16. Cole, 123. 17. Hooper, 12.

SYNONYMS. BAILEY'S GOLDEN SWEET (16). BAILEY SWEET (1, 4, 5, 12, 13, 17). Bailey Sweet (8, 10). BAILEY'S SWEET (2, 3, 7, 16). Bailey's Sweet (9). Edgerly Sweet (1, 4, 13). Edgerly's Sweet (3, 6). Harvard's Sweet (3, 6). Paterson's Sweet (3, 6). Patterson Sweet (13). Patterson's Sweet (1, 2).

This is a very beautiful red apple, distinctly sweet and of very good quality. It is in season from October to January or sometimes later. It is not a very good keeper. In some localities the fruit is apt to be rather scabby and knotty, and unless it is well sprayed the percentage of unmarketable and low-grade fruit runs rather high. The tree is reliably productive but it does not excel either in vigor, health or hardiness. It is not recommended for cultivation.

Historical. Bailey Sweet was introduced under this name from Perry, Wyoming county, New York, more than 60 years ago (1). Whether it originated there or was an old variety brought in from the East is uncertain (3). Although it has long been known and widely disseminated, there is no section of the state where it is grown in large quantities.

TREE.

Tree upright, somewhat spreading, rather open, not dense; branches moderately stout or slender. Twigs rather slender, nearly straight; internodes medium to short. Bark rather dark brownish-red marked with thin gray scarf-skin; sparingly pubescent. Lenticels numerous, medium to below, usually oblong, conspicuous, somewhat raised. Buds medium to large, broad, acute to somewhat obtuse, appressed; somewhat pubescent. Leaves often rather broad and large; foliage not dense.

In the nursery the development of the root system is rather light or weak. In the orchard the tree makes a rather slow or moderately vigorous growth and does not become large. It is a reliable cropper with a tendency to annual bearing. The fruit hangs well to the tree.

FRUIT.

Fruit sometimes as large as Baldwin or larger and averages above medium. Form roundish to roundish conic, or somewhat oblate, ribbed obscurely if at all, rather symmetrical, sides somewhat elliptical; pretty uniform in size and shape. Stem short to medium, rather slender to thick. Cavity acute, usually rather deep, somewhat furrowed, sometimes with sides compressed or lipped, often partly covered with a thin golden-brown russet. Calyx closed or sometimes partly open, small to medium with short obtuse to acute lobes. Basin somewhat shallow to very shallow, medium to narrow, obtuse to rather abrupt, often slightly furrowed or slightly corrugated, with a tendency to develop mammiform protuberances.

Skin rather tender, nearly smooth, clear bright yellow largely covered with deep red, mottled or obscurely striped with darker red. Often irregularly netted markings and dots of whitish or russet-gray contrast conspicuously with the red surface. Whitish scarf-skin sometimes radiates from the cavity. Prevailing effect attractive bright red.

Calyx tube funnel-shape, medium length with a rather wide limb. Stamens median.

Core axile, medium in size, closed; core lines clasping. Carpels elliptic to roundish cordate, emarginate. Seeds medium to rather large, long, acute.

Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, moderately coarse, moderately crisp, rather tender, moderately juicy to juicy, decidedly sweet, agreeable in flavor, very good in quality.

Season October to January or later.

— S.A. Beach, The Apples of New York, Vol. 1 (1905)

Bailey Sweet. Patterson Sweet, | Edgerly Sweet, Howard's Sweet. From Perry, N. Y. Fruit, medium to large, round, ovate flattened, sometimes ribbed, clear yellowish red, with an occasional russet patch ; stem, slender ; cavity, narrow, deep ; calyx, closed ; basin, medium, abrupt, often plaited; flesh, yellow, rather dry, sweet; "very good;" core, medium ; seeds, ovate pyriform. November to December.

— F.R. Elliott, The Western Fruit Book (1865)

Bailey Sweet—Origin unknown, first introduced in New York. An old, choice variety, not generally hardy at the north, but specimens have been shown from the southern part of South Dakota at the state fair. The following description is from specimens grown at Freeburg, Minnesota—Fruit large, roundish oblong, somewhat conic, irregular; surface roughened by russet dots, greenish yellow, mostly covered with dark, rather dull red stripes, solid on sunny side; dots distinct, numerous, russet; cavity deep, narrow, regular, with a patch of russet; stem short; basin shallow, slightly corrugated, some fine wrinkles; calyx open, segments divergent. Core open; cells ovate; tube funnel-shaped; stamens median; seeds large, long, pointed, plump; flesh yellow, moderately juicy, firm, sweet, very good. Late fall, early winter.

— N.E. Hansen, A Study of Northwestern Apples (1902)

Bailey Sweet.* (Patterson Sweet, Edgerly Sweet.) Large, regular ovate, often slightly and sometimes considerably ribbed; the whole surface frequently a full bright red, in small, broken, indistinct stripes and dots, on light ground; stalk slender, one inch long; cavity small, narrow, slightly ribbed; basin small, plaited; flesh very tender, not juicy; flavor mild, rich, sweet; fine. Early winter. Fig. 404. Origin, Perry, Wyoming Co., N. Y.

— John J. Thomas, The American Fruit Culturist (1903)

Bailey Sweet.—Origin, New York; tree vigorous, productive.

Fruit large, roundish tapering, obscurely ribbed, irregular; surface roughened by scattered russet dots, yellow, mostly covered with dark rich red, obscurely striped, solid on sunny side; dots many, minute, russet, distinct; cavity regular, acuminate, slightly russeted, deep, narrow; stem short; basin shallow, narrow, abrupt, slightly corrugated, wrinkled; calyx half open; segments entire, divergent. Core closed; tube funnel-shaped; stamens median; seeds large, long-pointed, plump; flesh yellow, moderately juicy, firm, fine-grained, very sweet, very good. Early winter.

— J.L. Budd & N.E. Hansen, American Horticultural Manual, Part II: Systematic Pomology (1914)

BAILEY SWEET. Howard's Sweet. Despite many faults, Bailey Sweet is largely grown in many parts of America because of its rich, sweet fruits agreeable to all who like sweet apples. The trees lack vigor, health, and hardiness, defects offset somewhat by productiveness and regularity in bearing. The fruits are susceptible to the scab fungus, do not keep well, are often malformed, and are not uniform in size. The origin of the variety is not known, further than that it was disseminated from Perry, New York. The first description was published by Thomas in 1849.

Tree upright-spreading, open; branches slender. Leaves large. Fruit large, round-conic, or oblate, ribbed obscurely, symmetrical, sides elliptical, uniform in size and shape; stem short; cavity acute, deep, furrowed, sometimes with sides compressed or lipped, often with thin golden-brown russet; calyx closed, small with short obtuse lobes; basin shallow, narrow, obtuse, furrowed or corrugated, often with mammiform protuberances; skin tender, smooth, clear bright yellow covered with deep red, mottled or striped with darker red, often with irregularly netted markings and dots; calyx-tube funnelshape, wide limb; stamens median; core axile, closed; core-lines clasping; carpels elliptic, emarginate; seeds large, long, acute; flesh yellow, firm, coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, sweet, agreeable in flavor; very good in quality; October to January or later.

— U.P. Hedrick, Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits (1922)

Bailey Sweet was received from Snyder Bros., Center Point, Iowa. Station No.: A33620. Reporting Station: NyC.

— H.H. Fisher (USDA ARS), A Survey of Apple Clones in the United States (1963)