HOLLAND WINTER.

REFERENCES. 1. Langley, Pomona, 1729. (cited by 3). 2. Knoop, Pomol., 1758. (cited by 3). 3. Forsyth, 1824:107. 4. Hogg, 1884:110. 5. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 48:44, par. 2. 1903. 6. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:124. 1904.

The variety here described as Holland Winter was received for testing at this Station from Western Pennsylvania under the name of Holland Pippin. United States Pomologist Heiges identified it for us as the Holland Pippin of Hogg, Langley and Miller, and stated that it is the variety which is generally grown in Pennsylvania under the name of Holland Pippin. We have not yet been able to confirm with certainty the identification made by Heiges.

Forsyth's complete description of the Holland Pippin of Langley (3) is here given. "This is a middle-sized apple, of a flattish shape. Its colour is yellow, in some places inclining to green, with sometimes a little red towards the sun. This is a pretty good apple, and keeps till the middle of April."

The following is Hogg's description (4). "Fruit large, three inches wide, and two inches and a half high; roundish and flattened with ribs on the sides. Skin, greenish-yellow, with a slight tinge of pale brown where exposed to the sun, and strewed with large green dots. Eye, small and closed, set in a round, narrow, and plaited basin. Stalk, very short, imbedded in a wide and deep cavity. Flesh, yellowish-white, firm, tender, juicy, sweet, and briskly acid.

"A valuable apple of first-rate quality for culinary purposes; it is in use from November to March. The tree is a strong grower, vigorous, healthy, and a good bearer."

This variety is surely distinct from the one described by Downing¹ and commonly grown in the Hudson valley and to some extent in other portions of the state under the name of Holland Pippin. The Holland Pippin of Downing begins to ripen somewhat earlier than the Fall Pippin, while the variety here described keeps till spring. Since both of these varieties are known in cultivation in this country under the name of Holland Pippin it is well to distinguish between the two by calling the late keeping one Holland Winter.

It is a green apple of the Reinette Pippin class, not equal to Rhode Island Greening in flavor or quality for dessert or culinary uses but it is a better keeper and less liable to scald. It is attractive for a green apple in both size and color. The tree is a strong grower, healthy and productive, and usually is an annual bearer alternating heavy with rather light crops. It appears to be of sufficient value to be worthy of planting for trial as a commercial variety where a late keeping apple of this type is desired.

Historical. If this is in fact the Holland Pippin of Langley and Miller it is an old variety "native of the Holland district of Lincolnshire, hence its name" (4).

TREE.

Tree vigorous; branches long, moderately stout. Form spreading or roundish, rather open. Twigs moderately long, straight, stout; internodes short to medium. Bark clear reddish-brown with some olive-green, streaked lightly with scarf-skin, heavily pubescent near the tips. Lenticels numerous, small, roundish, sometimes raised, rather conspicuous. Buds large to above medium, broad, obtuse, free near the old wood but quite appressed near the tips; heavily pubescent.

FRUIT.

Fruit medium to large. Form roundish conic, symmetrical, regular or sometimes faintly ribbed. Stem medium or short and rather thick. Cavity acute or approaching acuminate, rather large and slightly furrowed, occasionally with thin outspreading russet rays. Calyx small to medium, closed or partly open. Basin shallow, occasionally moderately deep and abrupt, somewhat furrowed, wrinkled.

Skin tough, slightly waxy, smooth, pale green or whitish often with a faint, dull blush. Dots numerous, rather large, conspicuous, submerged, whitish, mingled with a few fine russet points.

Calyx tube long, narrow, funnel-shape. Stamens median or below.

Core medium or below, somewhat abaxile; cells pretty symmetrical, open or partly closed; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish to somewhat elliptical, broad, slightly tufted. Seeds rather short, plump, obtuse.

Flesh nearly white, firm, rather crisp, moderately fine-grained, juicy, subacid with mild, pleasing aroma, good.

Season December to May.

¹ Downing, 1872:219.

— S.A. Beach, The Apples of New York, Vol. 1 (1905)

HOLLAND WINTER. Several apples pass under the name Holland Winter. The one which is supposed to have received the name first, and which is here described, is very similar to Rhode Island Greening. The fruits of Holland Winter are not equal to those of Rhode Island Greening in quality for either dessert or culinary use, but keep better and do not scald so badly in storage. The trees are vigorous, healthy, fruitful and usually bear annually. The variety is supposed to have come from the Holland district of Lincolnshire, England, and is at least two hundred years old. When it came to America is not known, but it has been long grown in eastern America. Tree vigorous, spreading, open; branches long, stout. Fruit medium to large, round-conic, symmetrical, regular or sometimes ribbed; stem short and thick; cavity acute, large, furrowed, occasionally with thin, outspreading russet rays; calyx small, closed or open; basin shallow, occasionally deep and abrupt, furrowed, wrinkled; skin tough, waxy, smooth, pale green often with a faint, dull blush; dots numerous, large, conspicuous, submerged, white, mingled with a few fine russet points; calyx-tube long, narrow, funnel-shape; stamens median; core of medium size, abaxile; cells symmetrical, open or partly closed; core-lines clasping; carpels round to elliptical, broad, tufted; seeds short, plump, obtuse; flesh white, firm, crisp, fine-grained, juicy, subacid, with mild pleasing aroma; good; December to May.

— U.P. Hedrick, Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits (1922)