Fall Pippin.

It is unfortunate that since the days of Coxe there should have been a confounding of this noble and delicious American apple with the inferior foreign kitchen variety: the Holland Pippin.

Tree exceedingly vigorous, large, wide-branching, open head, not early bearer, moderately productive when old; Shoots stout, dark; Leaves large, broad.

Fruit large to very large, handsome, globular, truncated, making it cylindrical, regular; Surface smooth, rich yellow, rarely blushed South, frequently so North, with skin liner; Dots minute, gray.

Basin deep, abrupt, regular, marked with concentric rings which often crack open in large southern specimens; Eye large, open; Segments short.

Cavity wide, regular, or narrow, deep; Stem long.

Core large, regular, closed, meeting the eye; Seeds pointed, often imperfect; Flesh yellow, breaking, compact, very fine-grained; Flavor acid, becoming sub-acid, aromatic, delicious; Quality best for dessert, kitchen, market and drying; Season September to December.

— John A. Warder, American Pomology: Apples (1867)

Fall Pippin. York Pippin. Episcopal. Philadelphia Pippin. Pound Pippin. Golden Pippin, erroneously. Pound Royal of some. Cathead, incorrectly. The Fall Pippin is, we think, decidedly an American variety. It is very probably a seedling raised in this country from the White Spanish Reinette, or the Holland pippin, both of which it so much resembles, and from which it, in fact, differs most strongly in the season of maturity. The Fall Pippin is a noble fruit, and is considered the first of autumn apples in the Middle States, where its beauty, large size, and its delicious flavor for the table or for cooking, render it very popular. The tree is a very vigorous, strong grower, upright spreading. Young shoots reddish brown. Fruit very large, roundish, generally a little flattened, pretty regular, sometimes with obscure ribs at the eye. Stalk rather long, three-fourths of an inch, projecting considerably beyond the fruit (which distinguishes it from the Holland Pippin), set in a rather small, shallow, round cavity. Calyx open, not very large, rather deeply sunk in a round, narrow basin. Skin smooth, yellowish green, becoming a fine yellow, with often a tinge of brownish blush on one side, and with a few scattered dots. Flesh white, very tender and mellow, with a rich, aromatic flavor. Very good to best. October to December.

— A.J. Downing, The Fruits and Fruit Trees of America (1900)

FALL PIPPIN.

REFERENCES. 1. Amer. Gard. Cal., 1806:585. 2. Coxe, 1817:109. fig. 3. Cobbett, 1821:par. 300. 4. Thacher, 1822:120. 5. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:476. 6. Fessenden, 1828:131. 7. Kenrick, 1832:32. 8. Floy-Lindley, 1833:85. 9. Mag. Hort., 1:326, 364. 1835. 10. Downing, 1845:84. 11. Floy-Lindley, 1846:412 app. 12. Phoenix, Horticulturist, 1:361. 1847. 13. Downing, Ib., 3:345. 1849. 14. Cole, 1849:117. fig. 15. Thomas, 1849:155. fig. 16. Phoenix, Horticulturist, 4:472. 1850. 17. Barry, 1851:283. 18. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:44. 1851. fig., col. pl. No. 18. 19. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 20. Elliott, 1854:78. fig. 21. Gregg, 1857:42. 22. Hooper, 1857:34, 106, 110. 23. Warder, 1867:571. fig. 24. Downing, 1869:169. fig. 25. Todd, 1871:311. fig. 26. Fitz, 1872:143, 149, 162. 27. Hogg, 1884:74. 28. Wickson, 1889:244. 29. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 30. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:239. 31. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 8:7. 1901. figs. 32. Budd-Hansen, 1903:80. fig. 33. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:119. 1904.

SYNONYMS. American Fall (7). AUTUMN PIPPIN (4). Cathead incorrectly (24). Cat Head (25). Cobbett's Fall (7). Cobbett's Fall Pippin (27). Concombre Ancien (7). De Rateau (7). D'Espagne (7). Episcopal (24, 25). FALL PIPPIN (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33). Fall Pippin (4). Golden Pippin (22, 25, erroneously 2, 24). Holland Pippin (2, 5, err. 15). Philadelphia Pippin (20, 24, 25). Pound Pippin (24, 25). Pound Royal (25, of some 24). Prince's large Pippin of N. Y. (2). Reinette Blanche d'Espagne (7). Summer Pippin (2). Van Duym's Pippin (2). Van Dyn's Pippin (5). York Pippin (24, 25).

Fruit large, and, when fully ripe, of an attractive yellow color. The flesh is tender, rich and very good in quality, being excellent for dessert but especially desirable for culinary uses. The tree is a strong grower, hardy and very long-lived, eventually becoming large or very large. Since the foliage and fruit are both quite subject to the attacks of the apple-scab fungus, thorough preventive treatment for this disease is necessary in order to grow Fall Pippin successfully for commercial purposes.¹ The crop does not ripen uniformly, some of the fruit being ripe, well colored and ready for immediate use in September, while at the same time a considerable portion of the crop is still hard and green. When grown under favorable conditions and properly handled some portion of the crop may keep till midwinter or later, but even carefully selected fruit cannot be relied upon to hold in common storage till December 1st without considerable loss. In cold storage it may be held till January or February (33). Fall Pippin is generally in pretty good demand in local markets, and in portions of Eastern New York it is being used to a limited extent for the early export trade. It is one of the most desirable varieties of its season for the home orchard.

HOLLAND PIPPIN AND FALL PIPPIN COMPARED.

From the time of Coxe (2), Fall Pippin has by some been called Holland Pippin. The Holland Pippin indeed much resembles Fall Pippin, but it differs from it in being in season from mid-August to midautumn and in being more roundish and less flattened, and in having a short, thick stem which is not exserted.

Historical. Origin unknown. Downing (10) held the opinion that Fall Pippin is an American variety and probably a seedling raised in this country from either the White Spanish Reinette or the Holland Pippin, both of which it resembles. It has been widely disseminated from the Atlantic to the Pacific in most of the important apple-growing regions of the continent and is still listed by many nurserymen (30). We are unable to determine how long this variety has been in cultivation. In some New York orchards trees of it are found which are more than one hundred years old. It is quite generally grown for home use throughout New York, and also to a limited extent for market, but it is now seldom planted.

TREE.

Tree large, moderately vigorous to very vigorous, with large, long branches which eventually become somewhat drooping. Form spreading or roundish and rather dense. Twigs moderately long, curved, stout and with large terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark dark reddish-brown, somewhat tinged with green, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin; much pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, oval, raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.

FRUIT.

Fruit large or very large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish to roundish oblate, sometimes a little inclined to conic, or sometimes slightly oblong and truncate, often obscurely ribbed. Stem medium to rather long, thick. Cavity acute or approaching acuminate, moderately deep, moderately narrow to rather wide, symmetrical or sometimes compressed, russeted. Calyx medium to large, open; lobes separated at the base, moderately long, rather narrow, acuminate. Basin medium in depth to deep, moderately narrow to rather wide, abrupt, wavy, slightly wrinkled. Skin thin, smooth, at first greenish-yellow but becoming clear yellow, sometimes faintly blushed. Dots numerous, small, pale and submerged or russet. Calyx tube large, wide, long, conical to nearly funnel-form. Stamens median to basal. Core medium size, somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical, closed or partly open; core lines meeting or clasping. Carpels roundish, emarginate, tufted. Seeds rather dark brown, medium size, somewhat acute, plump. Flesh whitish or tinged with yellow, moderately firm, rather fine, tender, very juicy, agreeable subacid, somewhat aromatic, very good. Season late September to January.

¹ Directions for treating apple scab are given in the reports of this Station for 1899:399-418, and for 1903:321-386.

— S.A. Beach, The Apples of New York, Vol. 2 (1905)

Fall Pippin

The Fall Pippin has, by a considerable number of persons, been called the Holland Pippin, which it very much resembles, but from which it differs mainly in the fact that its fruit ripens from the middle of September until about the first of November, while the fruit of the Holland Pippin ripens almost a month earlier.

The fruit of the Fall Pippin is large, tender, rich, very good in quality desirable for culinary purposes, and when fully ripe is an attractive yellow color.

The tree is a strong grower, hardy and long lived, eventually becoming very large. It is spreading or roundish, with long branches, twigs moderately long, curved, stout and with large terminal buds. Bark dark reddish brown, somewhat tinged with green, heavily coated with gray scarf skin.

The flesh of the fruit is whitish, tinged with yellow, moderately firm, rather fine, tender, very juicy, agreeable subacid, somewhat aromatic, very good. The skin is thin, smooth, at first greenish yellow but becoming a clear yellow, and in the arid regions of bright sunshine, having a considerable blush of red.

In the northern latitudes, especially in the higher altitudes, the fruit will keep nicely until January.

— Granville Lowther (ed.), Encyclopedia of Practical Horticulture (1914)

FALL PIPPIN. Philadelphia Pippin.

This is, unquestionably, an American seedling, and probably from the "White Spanish Reinette," which it closely resembles in all but its period of ripening. Great confusion exists among growers respecting it, as the Holland Pippin is often grown under this name, as well as its parent. It is extensively grown at the West and in the Eastern States, and universally succeeds well; but, where the soil is of a clayey nature, on the alluvial bottoms and deep prairies, it does not answer as well. Tree, of growth vigorous; shoots, dark; diverging or spreading; becomes large; not always productive; proves tender on prairie soils.

Size, large; form, roundish, conical, flattened at ends; color, greenish yellow until fully ripe, then rich yellow with a faint blush, when grown in good soil and exposed to sun; stem, long, moderately stout; cavity, deep, round; calyx, above medium, with segments in divisions; basin, deep, wide, and open; flesh, yellowish white, tender, sub-acid, aromatic; core, medium, for size of fruit; seeds, ovate. October to December

— F.R. Elliott, The Western Fruit Book (1865)

Fall Pippin.* (Holland Pippin, erroneously.) Very large, roundish, obtuse, somewhat oblong-conical, a little flattened at the ends, sometimes with large obtuse ribs; color greenish, becoming a high rich yellow when ripe, with some large shades of green about the crown before fully ripe; stalk large, in an acuminate cavity, basin deep; flesh yellowish, rather firm, becoming tender, rich, aromatic, excellent. Leaves sharply serrate, shoots vigorous, rather dark, diverging, becoming spreading; tree large. Late autumn, keeping into mid-winter. Mostly a moderate bearer—fruit sometimes water-cored. Excellent for cooking. Fine in nearly all localities. Fig. 368.

— John J. Thomas, The American Fruit Culturist (1903)

Fall Pippin. — Of American origin; the fruit much resembles Holland Pippin, but the latter has a very short stem and obtuse cavity.

Fruit large, round, nearly regular, usually a little flattened, sometimes obscurely ribbed at calyx; surface greenish yellow covered with whitish veinings; dots obscure, numerous, suffused, white; cavity acuminate, wide, deep, slight trace of russet; stem slender, rather long, projecting beyond the fruit; basin shallow, narrow, smooth, regular; calyx closed. Core half open; cells round, slit; tube funnel-shaped, very long, wide, open to core; stamens marginal; seeds short, very plump; flesh juicy, yellow with yellow veinings, pleasant subacid, spicy, very good. October to December.

— J.L. Budd & N.E. Hansen, American Horticultural Manual, Part II: Systematic Pomology (1914)

FALL PIPPIN. Fig. 19. Autumn Pippin. Pound Pippin. Summer Pippin. York Pippin.

Though one of the oldest American apples, it is doubtful whether Fall Pippin is properly appreciated. The name is inapt, as in the North the fruit keeps well into mid-winter, and is of first rate quality to the very last. The color is a beautiful golden yellow, and the flesh is tender, rich, crisp, aromatic, and of delectable quality either for dessert or for culinary uses. The trees are hardy, healthy, long-lived, and very large; few trees carry a more majestic port at maturity. Unfortunately, tree and fruit are most inviting prey to the apple-scab fungus; this accounts for the neglect into which the variety fell a generation ago, but, with means of controlling the scab, its culture should be renewed. The habitat of the variety is New England, where it has been grown for at least a century and a half.

Tree large, very vigorous, spreading, with long branches which become drooping. Fruit large or very large, uniform in size and shape, round to round-oblate, inclined to conic, sometimes oblong and truncate, often obscurely ribbed; stem long, thick; cavity acute, wide, symmetrical or compressed, russeted; calyx large, open; lobes separated at the base, long, narrow, acuminate; basin wide, abrupt, wavy, wrinkled; skin thin, smooth, clear yellow, sometimes faintly blushed; dots numerous, small, pale and submerged or russet; calyx-tube large, wide, long, conical; stamens median; core medium size, abaxile; cells symmetrical, closed or partly open; core-lines meeting or clasping; carpels round, emarginate, tufted; seeds dark brown, acute, plump; flesh yellow, firm, fine, tender, very juicy, agreeably subacid, aromatic; very good; late September to January.

— U.P. Hedrick, Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits (1922)

Fall Pippin. Received from an unknown source, prob. Amer. variety, via W. T. Smith Co., Geneva, N.Y., 1917; reported by the Agricultural Experiment Station, Department of Pomology, Geneva, New York. Fruit is large to very large, round to round-oblate, inclined to conical. Skin is thin and smooth, clear yellow when ripe. Flesh is white or tinged with yellow, rather firm, very juicy, subacid, slightly aromatic. Very good. Late Sept.-Jan. Tree is large, vigorous. For home use only. Also received from seedling; reported by the Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont; Agricultural Experiment Station of Rutgers, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Agricultural Experiment Station, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; and Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, Wooster, Ohio (Station No. 172). Fruit is large, oblate to oblong, green-yellow. Flavor good.

— H.H. Fisher (USDA ARS), A Survey of Apple Clones in the United States (1963)