Twenty Ounce Pippin.

Large, roundish conical, brown red, very distinct from Twenty Ounce, or Cayuga Red Streak.

— F.R. Elliott, The Western Fruit Book (1865)

Twenty-Ounce Pippin.

Origin unknown, and the variety never should have been distributed; it is here named to put people on their guard against it when they desire to purchase the Cayuga Red Streak, also called the Twenty-ounce apple.

Fruit large, flat, regular; Surface greenish, more or less mottled and striped dull red.

Basin, wide, regular, or wavy; Eye small, open.

Cavity wide, regular, green; Stem short, thick.

Core large, closed; Seeds numerous, angular; Flesh yellow-white, breaking; Flavor acid, with a peculiar aroma, not agreeable; Quality poor; Use kitchen only; Season November to January. There are many better apples of its season.

— John A. Warder, American Pomology: Apples (1867)

Wine of Conn. See Twenty Ounce.

— John J. Thomas, The American Fruit Culturist (1903)

TWENTY OUNCE PIPPIN.

References. 1. Downing, 1845:140. 2. Thomas, 1849:153. 3. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:21, 33. 1851. fig. 4. Ib., 3:64. 1851. fig. 5. Elliott, 1854:126. 6. Warder, 1867:461. 7. Downing, 1869:113. 8. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 9. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 2:8. 1895. fig. 10. Ib., 3:3. 1896. fig.

Synonyms. CABASHEA (7, 8, 9, 10). KING (4). King (7). Oxheart. Not TWENTY OUNCE (2, 5, 6, 9, 10).

Attractive in appearance, but second or third rate in quality. In season about with Tompkins King. It is grown commercially to a limited extent and some find it profitable, but, generally speaking, it is not a favorite with fruit growers. Undoubtedly there would be fewer trees of it growing to-day had it not sometimes been purchased by mistake for the true Twenty Ounce. The tree is a vigorous grower, hardy, healthy and long-lived, but often it is not a satisfactory cropper. The fruit is large, noticeably heavy and apt to drop from the tree.

Historical. The origin of this variety is uncertain. So far as we can learn it has always been commonly known to fruit growers and fruit buyers by the name Twenty Ounce Pippin and doubtless will continue to be so known as long as it remains in cultivation. Occasionally it has been grown under the name King. It should be remarked, however, that it is quite distinct from Tompkins King. It is known locally as Oxheart.

Thomas in 1849 (2) recognized it as less desirable than the Twenty Ounce. Elliott (5) and Warder (6) adopted the name Cayuga Red Streak for the Twenty Ounce hoping thereby to prevent their readers from confusing its name with that of Twenty Ounce Pippin. Downing (7) added to the confusion by applying the name Cabashea to the Twenty Ounce Pippin which name had already been given to a fall variety,¹ and was so recognized by Thomas, Emmons and Warder. This fall Cabashea comes in season about with the true Twenty Ounce but is quite distinct from that variety.

Tree.

Tree medium to large, moderately vigorous. Form spreading or somewhat drooping. Twigs medium to long, moderately stout to stout; internodes short. Bark dark brownish-red, mottled with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels numerous, moderately conspicuous, round, raised. Buds large, broad, plump, obtuse, appressed, pubescent.

Fruit.

Fruit large to very large, noticeably heavy. Form variable, somewhat oblate to globular with flattened base, often slightly inclined to conic, pretty regular but often somewhat elliptical or obscurely ribbed; sides frequently a little unequal. Stem usually short and thick to sometimes moderately thick and of medium length. Cavity medium or below, acute to nearly obtuse, moderately shallow to deep, wide, somewhat furrowed, sometimes lipped, bright deep green with elongated whitish dots, often partly russeted and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium to large, closed or partly open; lobes separated at the base, wide, nearly flat or somewhat reflexed, pubescent. Basin below medium to large, shallow to moderately deep, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, irregularly furrowed and wrinkled.

Skin rather thick, tough, smooth, clear pale yellow or greenish, in highly colored specimens largely washed, mottled and blushed with bright deep red striped and splashed with carmine. Dots numerous, small or narrow and elongated, moderately conspicuous, often submerged or depressed, whitish, sometimes with russet point. When well grown the general appearance is decidedly attractive and the color is somewhat like that of the Baldwin, particularly about the base.

Calyx tube short, varying from funnel-shape with wide limb to obtuse cone-shape. Stamens median to basal.

¹N. Y. Agr. Soc. Rpt., 1849:350.

Core medium to rather large, axile or nearly so; cells usually symmetrical and closed, sometimes open; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels broadly roundish or inclined to ovate or to obcordate, slightly emarginate, tufted. Seeds few, often abortive; when well developed they are medium to large, rather long, plump, acute to somewhat obtuse, sometimes tufted, medium brown.

Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, firm, coarse, rather tender, rather crisp or breaking, moderately juicy, sprightly subacid with a peculiar but not high flavor, fair or sometimes nearly good in quality.

Season October to January or February.

[Additional entry in this volume: "CABASHEA (WINTER)", pp. 148–148]

CABASHEA (WINTER).

The variety recognized by Downing, Lyon, Woolverton and some other pomologists as Cabashea, so far as we can learn, is not known to New York fruit growers and fruit dealers under that name but by them is commonly called Twenty Ounce Pippin. It is in season with Tompkins King and a little later. Sometimes it is called King. The variety which is generally called Cabashea in Western New York is a large, flat apple somewhat marked with dull red. It comes in season about with the true Twenty Ounce but is not so good a keeper. We prefer to follow Thomas, Warder and Emmons in retaining the name Cabashea for the fall apple above mentioned and in recognizing Twenty Ounce Pippin as the correct name for the later variety. The Twenty Ounce Pippin should not be confused with the true Twenty Ounce nor with the Tompkins King. For more extended notice of these varieties the reader is referred to Cabashea (fall) in the succeeding volume and to Twenty Ounce Pippin in this volume.

— S.A. Beach, The Apples of New York, Vol. 1 (1905)

TWENTY OUNCE PIPPIN.

Cabashea. King. Oxheart.

Twenty Ounce Pippin subsists only because it has been much planted for Twenty Ounce, a very different and much better apple. The apple of this description is very large and rather attractive in appearance, but is coarse in flesh and poor in quality. The trees are satisfactory except in productiveness. The origin of the variety is not known, but it is an old sort long cultivated before Downing published the first account of it in 1845. It is grown chiefly in New York and neighboring states.

Tree medium to large, vigorous, spreading or somewhat drooping. Fruit large or very large, heavy, oblate or globular with flattened base, often conic, elliptical or obscurely ribbed, sides frequently unequal; stem short, thick; cavity acute, shallow, wide, furrowed, sometimes lipped, green, with elongated white dots, often russeted and with outspreading russet rays; calyx large, closed or partly open; lobes separated at the base, wide, flat or reflexed, pubescent; basin large, shallow, obtuse, irregularly furrowed and wrinkled; skin thick, tough, smooth, pale yellow, washed, mottled and blushed with red, striped and splashed with carmine; dots numerous, small, narrow, elongated, conspicuous, often submerged or depressed, white, sometimes with russet point; calyx-tube short, funnel-shape with wide limb, or obtuse cone-shape; stamens median; core large, axile; cells usually symmetrical and closed, sometimes open; core-lines clasping the funnel cylinder; carpels broadly round or ovate, emarginate, tufted, brown; flesh yellow, firm, coarse, tender, crisp or breaking, juicy, sprightly subacid with a peculiar flavor; fair or good in quality; October to February.

— U.P. Hedrick, Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits (1922)