Haas
Apple
USDA Pomological Watercolor Collection
HAAS
Origin and History
Originated on the grounds of Gabriel Cerré, St. Louis, Missouri. Widely disseminated throughout the Middle West and Southwest, where it is recognized as one of the hardiest of American apples. In New York it has been planted to a limited extent only and its cultivation is not increasing. The variety has proved profitable with some growers because the tree comes into bearing young and is very thrifty, hardy, and productive, but its inferior fruit quality suggests it will eventually be wholly supplanted by better kinds.
Tree
Tree large and very vigorous, with long, slender branches. Form at first comparatively tall and upright but becoming spreading or roundish. Twigs long, curved, and slender with large terminal buds; internodes long. Bark brown or reddish-brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin and pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, oval, and not raised. Buds medium to large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, and pubescent.
Fruit
Size and Form: Medium to above medium. Oblate, a little inclined to conic, somewhat ribbed; sides usually unequal.
Stem: Medium to short, thick, often partly red.
Cavity: Acute to acuminate, deep, broad, usually symmetrical, more or less covered with thin greenish-russet.
Calyx: Small to medium, closed or nearly so; lobes separated at base, short, narrow, and acuminate.
Basin: Moderately narrow, rather deep, abrupt, smooth or slightly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin: Thin, tough, and smooth. Yellow, mottled, washed and nearly covered with deep bright red or brownish-red, striped and splashed with deep carmine. Dots small to rather large, inconspicuous, numerous, pale or russet. Prevailing effect red striped with carmine.
Calyx Tube: Very variable, rather long and wide, conical or approaching funnel-form. Stamens median or below.
Core: Below medium to above, somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical, open or sometimes closed; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish to elliptical.
Seeds: Dark brown, medium to large, of medium width, plump, and acute.
Flesh: White, often stained with red. Firm, moderately fine, a little tough, moderately juicy to juicy. Sprightly subacid, aromatic, a little astringent. Poor to fair or sometimes nearly good in quality.
Season and Storage
October to early winter. In common storage the ordinary commercial limit is November.
Uses
Not described in source.
Subtypes and Variants
Not described in source.
Book Sources
Described in 1 period pomological work
USDA Nomenclature (1905)
From W.H. Ragan, Nomenclature of the Apple, USDA Bulletin No. 56
A seedling of Ortley.
Possibly Buckingham.
Nursery Catalog Sources
Found in 34 catalogs (1845–1921) from Alabama, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Washington
- Winship's Nursery (Brighton Nurseries , operated by the Winship family), Brighton (Boston) , Massachusetts — 1845
- Hovey & Co. , Cambridge , Massachusetts — 1849
- Azell Bowditch (Nursery / Fruit Catalog) , Boston , Massachusetts — 1850
- Huntsville Wholesale Nurseries (Jessie S. Moss , Proprietor; W.F. Heikes, Manager), Huntsville , Alabama — 1886
- Palouse Nursery and Pleasant Dale Fruit Farm , Colfax, Washington Territory (situated two miles northeast of Colfax) - undated (single-page broadside flyer; "Washington Territory" suggests pre — 1889
- William H. Moon Co. , Morrisville, Bucks County , Pennsylvania — 1890
- Missouri Nursery Co. , Louisiana , Missouri — 1891
- Rogers Nursery Co. , Moorestown , New Jersey — 1893
- Milwaukie-Canby Nurseries , Canby, OR (and Milwaukie, OR) — 1893
- The Vineland Nurseries (Kelsey & Co. , Proprietors), St. Joseph, Missouri (Office: 13th and Atchison Sts., 2 Blocks East of the Citizens St. Car Line) — 1894
- Multnomah Nurseries , Russellville , Oregon — 1894
- Stark Bros. Nurseries & Orchards Co. , Louisiana , Missouri — 1896
- J.V. Cotta (Cotta Nursery) , Carroll County , Illinois — 1898
- Reading Nursery , Jacob W. Manning, Proprietor, Reading , Massachusetts — 1898
- Brown Brothers Co. , Continental Nurseries, Rochester, NY (also operated from Toronto, Canada) — 1899
- The Dalles Nurseries , The Dalles , Oregon — 1901
- Washington Nursery Co. , Toppenish , Washington — 1901
- Mountain Grove Nurseries (Tippin & Moore , Proprietors; Geo. T. Tippin, J. W. Tippin, J. C. Moore), Mountain Grove , Missouri — 1901
- Benjamin Buckman (personal inventory) , Farmingdale , Illinois — 1901
- Brown Brothers Co. , Continental Nurseries, Rochester, NY (also operated from Toronto, Canada) — 1901
- Phoenix Nursery Company (W. E. Rossney , President; Sidney Tuttle, Vice-President), Bloomington , Illinois — 1904
- Stark Bros. Nurseries & Orchards Co. , Louisiana , Missouri — 1906
- Wm. J. Corse (successor to Robert Sinclair / Sinclair Nurseries) , Baltimore , Maryland — 1909
- Washington Nursery Company , Toppenish , Washington — 1909
- Stark Bros. Nurseries & Orchards Co. , Louisiana , Missouri — 1910
- Galbraith Nursery Co. (DeWitt Hansen , Pres.-Mgr.), Fairbury , Nebraska — 1911
- Stark Bros. Nurseries & Orchards Co. , Louisiana , Missouri — 1911
- Stark Bros. Nurseries & Orchards Co. , Louisiana , Missouri — 1912
- Pacific Nursery Company , Portland , Oregon — 1912
- Vineland Nurseries Company , Clarkston , Washington — 1912
- Washington Nursery Company , Toppenish , Washington — 1912
- Union Nurseries , J.B. Weaver & Sons, Union , Oregon — 1915
- Benedict Nursery Co. , Portland , Oregon — 1921
- North-Western Nurseries , Walla Walla , Washington
View original book sources (1)
— S.A. Beach, The Apples of New York, Vol. 2 (1905)HAAS.
REFERENCES. 1. Horticulturist, 25:55. 1870. 2. Downing, 1872:110. app. fig. 3. Barry, 1883:345. 4. Thomas, 1885:512. 5. Can. Hort., 11:69, 73. 1888. 6. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:240. 7. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 1:24. 1894. 8. Stinson, Ark. Sta. Bul., 43:103. 1896. 9. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1896:70. 10. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:296. 1901. 11. Munson, Me. Sta. Bul., 82:95. 1902. 12. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:53. 1902. 13. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:56. 1902. 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903:96. fig. 15. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:44. 1903. 16. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:123. 1904.
SYNONYMS. FALL QUEEN (2, 3, 7). Fall Queen (4, 5, 14, 16). Gros Pomier (2, 14). Gros Pommier (2). HAAS (5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16). Haas (2, 3, 7). HASS (8). Horse, of some (2). Hoss (1). Hoss (2).
Fruit of good medium size and very attractive bright red color but only fair in quality. With some growers it has proved profitable because the tree comes into bearing young and is very thrifty, hardy and productive, but on account of the inferior quality of its fruit doubtless it will be eventually wholly supplanted by better kinds.
Historical. Originated on the grounds of Gabriel Cerré, St. Louis, Mo. (2). It has been widely disseminated throughout the Middle West and Southwest where it is recognized as one of the hardiest of American apples. In New York it has been planted to a limited extent only and its cultivation is not increasing.
TREE.
Tree large, very vigorous with long, slender branches. Form at first comparatively tall and upright but becoming spreading or roundish. Twigs long, curved, slender with large terminal buds; internodes long. Bark brown or reddish-brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, oval, not raised. Buds medium to large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent.
FRUIT.
Fruit medium to above. Form oblate a little inclined to conic, somewhat ribbed; sides usually unequal. Stem medium to short, thick, often partly red. Cavity acute to acuminate, deep, broad, usually symmetrical, more or less covered with thin greenish-russet. Calyx small to medium, closed or nearly so; lobes separated at base, short, narrow, acuminate. Basin moderately narrow, rather deep, abrupt, smooth or slightly furrowed and wrinkled.
Skin thin, tough, smooth, yellow, mottled, washed and nearly covered with deep bright red or brownish-red, striped and splashed with deep carmine. Dots small to rather large, inconspicuous, numerous, pale or russet. Prevailing effect red striped with carmine.
Calyx tube very variable, rather long and wide, conical or approaching funnel-form. Stamens median or below.
Core below medium to above, somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical, open or sometimes closed; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish to elliptical. Seeds dark brown, medium to large, of medium width, plump, acute.
Flesh white, often stained with red, firm, moderately fine, a little tough, moderately juicy to juicy, sprightly subacid, aromatic, a little astringent, poor to fair or sometimes nearly good.
Season October to early winter. In common storage the ordinary commercial limit is November (16).