Hunt Russet
AppleHunt Russet
Origin / History
Hunt Russet arose on Mr. Hunt's farm at Concord, Massachusetts (Elliott). Downing says it is "claimed, by those knowing it best," to have originated with the Hunt family at Concord "nearly 200 years since." His entry under the name Hunt's Russet says only that it is "supposed to have originated" with them "many years since." Beach reports Downing calling it an old favorite "said to have originated in the latter part of the seventeenth century." Beach's own description was made from apples grown on the old Hunt farm and furnished by Mr. Wm. H. Hunt, who states that the variety originated at least 150 years ago. Hedrick says it takes its name from a Mr. Hunt, on whose farm near Concord it originated.
Downing calls it a "favorite old apple" that, "being of excellent quality, has been cultivated and disseminated widely under different names." From experience and examination he is satisfied that Golden Russet of Massachusetts, Fay's Russet, and Russet Pearmain are identical with Hunt Russet, and that Hunt Russet is the original name. There is said to be a distinct Russet Pearmain, but those Downing received as such from Connecticut many years since proved to be Hunt Russet. He also gives a separate description under the name "Golden Russet, of Massachusetts." There he remarks that "there are many Golden Russets about the country, and it is difficult to identify them," and calls this one from Massachusetts distinct from those grown in New York and the West. Downing further states that the Golden Russet of New York, or Western New York, is quite distinct, and is incorrectly called by some at the West English Golden Russet. Beach records that in New England it has by some been called Golden Russet and American Golden Russet, and that Hovey identified it, incorrectly, as Bullock. Thomas enters Fay's Russet only as a cross-reference to Hunt's Russet.
Elliott calls it "Little known at the West." Beach says it is no longer considered profitable and is not being planted in commercial orchards. Hedrick calls it "a favorite of a century and a half ago but now no longer planted," still found in many old orchards in New England and New York. Lowther's station table reports it from 4 stations in the Northern Division and 2 in the Central Division, each time also reported in another division, and not from the Southern Division.
Tree
Tree upright, spreading when in bearing; simply upright in Downing's Golden Russet of Massachusetts entry. Hardy (Downing). Vigor ranges from rather slow growth (Elliott) to vigorous (Downing's Golden Russet of Massachusetts entry). Most give a moderate grower or moderately vigorous tree. Young shoots light reddish brown, slightly grayish; clear reddish brown in the Golden Russet of Massachusetts entry. An annual, good bearer and productive; Elliott says it bears "annually and abundantly."
Fruit
Size: Small to medium. Most give medium or below; Elliott alone calls it small. Uniform (Beach).
Form: Roundish oblate, slightly conic to conic. Beach gives a little oblate to distinctly conical, often elliptical, pretty uniform in shape.
Stem: Short to medium, small, slender. Downing gives it as varying in length.
Cavity: Large, deep, broad, acute. Beach adds that it approaches acuminate and is sometimes furrowed and compressed.
Calyx: Closed to partially open. Elliott calls it closed and the Golden Russet of Massachusetts entry nearly closed; Beach gives medium, partly open or sometimes closed. Segments recurved or a little reflexed, small to long. Beach describes the lobes as medium in length, broad, obtuse. Calyx tube often long, funnel-shape; stamens basal (Beach).
Basin: Deep to shallow, medium (Downing), round and open (Elliott; Downing's Golden Russet of Massachusetts entry), moderately narrow to rather wide, abrupt, slightly corrugated or furrowed. Beach gives moderately deep to shallow.
Skin: Ground yellow to greenish yellow, mostly covered with thin dull russet, or golden russet. The cheek is red russet, or sunny, with a blush of bright rich red in the sun. Elliott describes the russet as shaded with dull red. Beach describes broken patches of smooth skin breaking through the russet on the cheek, varying from yellow to bright deep red. Beach calls the skin thick, rather tender; Hedrick, condensing Beach, gives thin, tender. Attractive; "quite attractive for a russet apple" (Beach).
Dots: Few, brown (Downing), or numerous, gray or russet (Beach).
Flesh and flavor: Flesh yellowish white or whitish tinged with yellow (Beach), fine-grained (Beach: "rather fine"), tender, juicy. Rich to rather rich (Elliott). The flavor is a sprightly or brisk subacid, slightly aromatic (Downing), becoming mild (Beach). Downing's Golden Russet of Massachusetts entry calls the flesh "rich, mild, sweet subacid," whereas Beach says it is "not sweet as some have stated."
Quality "very good to best" (Beach), "very good or best" (Downing); Downing's Golden Russet of Massachusetts entry and Lowther rate it "very good." Beach calls it excellent in quality.
Core and seeds: Core small (Beach), compact (Downing), axile; cells symmetrical, closed; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels roundish to elliptical, slightly emarginate. Seeds dark, medium in size, plump, usually obtuse (Beach).
Season
Winter, December into April or later. Most give January to April. Elliott begins it in December, and Beach extends it to April or later. A good keeper (Beach); Hedrick says it keeps remarkably well.
Uses
Kitchen and market (Lowther). Mr. Hunt told Beach that it was once considered a profitable market apple but is so no longer.
Subtypes / Variants
Not described in source.
Other
Not described in source.
Book Sources
Described in 7 period pomological works
- Budd & Hansen, Systematic Pomology (1914)
- Beach, The Apples of New York Vol. 1 (1905)
- Downing, Fruits and Fruit Trees of America (1900)
- Lowther (ed.), Encyclopedia of Practical Horticulture (1914)
- Hedrick, Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits (1922)
- Elliott, The Western Fruit Book (1865) — listed as Hunt's Russet
- Thomas, The American Fruit Culturist (1903) — listed as Hunt's Russet
Nursery Catalog Sources
Found in 1 catalog (1901) from Illinois
- Benjamin Buckman (personal inventory) , Farmingdale , Illinois — 1901
View original book sources (7)
— F.R. Elliott, The Western Fruit Book (1865)Hunt's Russet.
Origin, Mr. Hunt's Farm, Concord, Mass. Growth, rather slow, bears annually and abundantly.
Fruit, small, conic ; skin, russet, shaded with dull red, on a greenish yellow ground ; stalk, short, slender ; cavity, deep and broad ; calyx, closed ; segments, long, recurved in a round open basin ; flesh, juicy, fine grained, rather rich, sprightly, sub-acid flavor. December to April. Little known at the West.
— A.J. Downing, The Fruits and Fruit Trees of America (1900)Hunt Russet Apple.
This favorite old apple is claimed, by those knowing it best, to have originated with the Hunt family, at Concord, Mass., nearly 200 years since; and, being of excellent quality, has been cultivated and disseminated widely under different names; and I am satisfied, from experience and examination, that Golden Russet of Mass., Fay's Russet, and Russet Pearmain are identical with the Hunt Russet, and that the latter is the original name, with the synonyms as stated below.
Hunt Russet. Golden Russet (not of N. Y.) New England Russet. Fay's Russet. Golden Russet of Mass. New England Golden Russet. Russet Pearmain. Mass. Golden Russet. Bullock's Pippin, or Sheepnose. American Golden Russet Golden Russet of New England. Incorrectly. of New England.
There is said to be a distinct Russet Pearmain; but those that I received as such from Connecticut, many years since, proved to be the Hunt Russet.
The Golden Russet of New York, or Western New York, is quite distinct, and is incorrectly called by some, at the West, English Golden Russet.
[Additional entry in this volume: "Golden Russet, of Massachusetts", pp. 221–221]
Golden Russet, of Massachusetts.
Tree vigorous, upright, and productive. Young shoots clear reddish brown.
Fruit medium, roundish oblate, conic. Skin golden russet, with a sunny cheek. Stalk small and short, inserted in a deep cavity. Calyx nearly closed. Segments small, recurved. Basin deep, round, and open. Flesh yellowish white, tender, rich, mild, sweet subacid. Very good. January, April.
There are many Golden Russets about the country, and it is difficult to identify them. This is from Massachusetts, and distinct from those grown in New York, and West.
[Additional entry in this volume: "Hunt's Russet", pp. 252–252]
Hunt's Russet.
Supposed to have originated with the Hunt family, of Concord, Mass., many years since. Tree hardy, moderate grower, upright, spreading when in bearing, an annual and good bearer. Young shoots light reddish brown, slightly grayish.
Hunt's Russet.
Fruit medium, or below, roundish oblate, slightly conic. Color yellow, mostly covered with thin dull russet, with a blush of bright rich red in the sun, few brown dots. Stalk varying in length. Cavity large, deep, acute. Calyx partially open. Segments medium, a little reflexed. Basin medium, slightly corrugated. Flesh yellowish white, fine-grained, tender, juicy, rich, brisk subacid, slightly aromatic. Very good or best. Core compact. January to April.
— John J. Thomas, The American Fruit Culturist (1903)Fay's Russet. See Hunt's Russet.
— S.A. Beach, The Apples of New York, Vol. 1 (1905)HUNT RUSSET.
References. 1. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 19:126. 1853. 2. Ib., 21:300. 1855. 3. Downing, 1857:143, 187. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 5. Warder, 1867:720, 722. 6. Downing, 1872:196. 7. Downing, C, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1875:36. 8. Downing, 1876:53 app. 9. Thomas, 1885:240, 513. 10. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 11. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:241. 12. Budd-Hansen, 1903:101.
Synonyms. American Golden Russet of New England (8). BULLOCK (1, 2, but incorrectly). FAY'S RUSSET (3). Fay's Russet (8). Golden Russet (not of N. Y.) (8). GOLDEN RUSSET OF MASS. (4, 5, 6). Golden Russet of Mass. (8). Golden Russet of New England (8). Mass. Golden Russet (8). New England Russet (8). New England Golden Russet (8). RUSSET PEARMAIN (3, 9). Russet Pearmain (8).
Fruit medium size, golden russet with broken patches of smooth bright red on the cheek. It is quite attractive for a russet apple, excellent in quality and a good keeper. Tree moderately vigorous and productive. It is no longer considered profitable and is not being planted in commercial orchards.
Historical. The following description of the fruit was made from apples grown upon the old Hunt farm, Concord, Mass. Mr. Wm. H. Hunt, to whom we are indebted for these apples, states that the variety originated at least 150 years ago, and adds that it was once considered a profitable market apple but is so no longer. Downing (8) refers to it as an old favorite which is said to have originated in the latter part of the seventeenth century, and which has been widely disseminated under different names. In New England it has by some been called Golden Russet and American Golden Russet. Hovey identified it as Bullock but incorrectly (1, 2, 7).
Tree. Tree moderately vigorous, upright spreading. Twigs clear light reddish-brown, slightly grayish (6).
Fruit. Fruit medium or below, uniform. Form a little oblate to distinctly conical, often elliptical, pretty uniform in shape. Stem short to medium, slender. Cavity large, acute or approaching acuminate, deep, broad, sometimes furrowed and compressed. Calyx medium, partly open or sometimes closed; lobes medium in length, broad, obtuse. Basin moderately deep to shallow, moderately narrow to rather wide, abrupt, slightly furrowed. Skin thick, rather tender, golden russet or with red russet cheek. Patches of smooth skin breaking through the russet vary from yellow to bright deep red. Dots numerous, gray or russet. Calyx tube often long, funnel-shape. Stamens basal. Core small, axile; cells symmetrical, closed; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels roundish to elliptical, slightly emarginate. Seeds dark, medium in size, plump, usually obtuse. Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, rather fine, tender, juicy, subacid, sprightly becoming mild, not sweet as some have stated, very good to best.
Season January to April or later.
— J.L. Budd & N.E. Hansen, American Horticultural Manual, Part II: Systematic Pomology (1914)Hunt Russet. — Supposed origin, Concord, Massachusetts; tree of moderate growth, upright, spreading, good annual bearer.
Fruit medium, or below, roundish oblate, slightly conical; surface yellow, mostly covered with thin dull russet, with a blush of bright rich red in the sun; dots few, brown; cavity large, deep, acute; stem varying; basin medium, slightly corrugated; calyx partially open; segments medium, a little reflexed. Core compact; flesh yellowish white, fine-grained, tender, juicy, rich, brisk subacid, slightly aromatic, very good to best. January to April.
— Granville Lowther (ed.), Encyclopedia of Practical Horticulture (1914)Hunt Russet. Size: medium. Form: roundish (oblate). Color: yellow, russet. Quality: very good. Use: both kitchen and market. Season: winter. Northern Division: 4 reporting stations (also reported in another division). Central Division: 2 reporting stations (also reported in another division). Southern Division: not reported.
— U.P. Hedrick, Cyclopedia of Hardy Fruits (1922)HUNT RUSSET. Golden Russet. New England Russet. Russet Pearmain. Hunt Russet, a favorite of a century and a half ago but now no longer planted, is found in many old orchards in New England and New York. The fruits are attractive, of excellent quality, and keep remarkably well. The variety takes its name from a Mr. Hunt upon whose farm, near Concord, Massachusetts, it originated.
Tree vigorous, upright-spreading. Fruit medium or small, uniform, oblate to conical, often elliptical, uniform in shape; stem short, slender; cavity large, acute, deep, broad, sometimes furrowed and compressed; calyx partly open or closed; lobes medium in length, broad; basin deep to shallow, narrow to wide, abrupt, furrowed; skin thin, tender, golden-russet or with red-russet cheek; dots numerous, gray or russet; calyx-tube long, funnelshape; stamens basal; core small, axile; cells symmetrical, closed; core-lines clasping the funnel cylinder; carpels round to elliptical, emarginate; seeds dark, medium in size, plump, usually obtuse; flesh yellow, fine, tender, juicy, subacid, sprightly becoming mild; very good to best; January to April or later.